The question asks to complete the definition of electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical changes. It primarily focuses on two aspects: generating electricity from spontaneous chemical reactions and using electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions.
A) Electricity from Energy — This option correctly completes the definition. Electrochemistry is indeed the study of the production of electricity from the energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions (as seen in galvanic cells), and also the use of electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions (as in electrolytic cells).
The question asks to identify the field of chemistry responsible for producing a large number of metals, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, fluorine, and other chemicals. This points towards processes that use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions.
Correct Option: C) Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the interconversion of electrical and chemical energy. It involves processes where electrical energy is used to bring about non-spontaneous chemical reactions (electrolysis) or where chemical reactions produce electrical energy (galvanic cells). The production of metals like aluminum, and chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, chlorine, and fluorine, are classic examples of industrial electrochemical processes.
The question asks to fill in the blank in the sentence: "Electrochemistry is a very _____ and interdisciplinary subject." We need to choose the word that best describes electrochemistry in this context, implying its broad scope and complexity.
Correct Option: B) Vast. The word "vast" accurately describes the extensive and broad nature of electrochemistry, which is also an interdisciplinary subject, meaning it covers many different fields.
What is the formula name of Zn2+?
The question asks for the correct formula name of \( \text{Zn}^{2+} \). This involves understanding chemical nomenclature, specifically for ions of transition metals.
Correct Option: A) Zinc (II) ion. This correctly follows the IUPAC nomenclature for metal cations, where the Roman numeral indicates the charge of the ion.
What is the formula of Copper(II) cation ?
The question asks for the chemical formula of the Copper(II) cation. This requires knowledge of chemical nomenclature, specifically how Roman numerals indicate the oxidation state (charge) of a metal ion.
Therefore, the formula for Copper(II) cation is \( \text{Cu}^{2+} \).
Correct Option: D) Cu 2+ — This correctly represents the copper ion with a +2 charge, as indicated by the Roman numeral (II) in its name.
Electrochemistry to electrical energy and has an electrical potential equal to 1.1 V when concentration of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions is unity
The question describes a galvanic cell (specifically, a Daniell cell, given the 1.1 V potential and Zn/Cu ions) where chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. It states that the electrical potential is 1.1 V when the concentration of \(\text{Zn}^{2+}\) and \(\text{Cu}^{2+}\) ions is unity. We need to identify the correct unit for concentration in this context.
Understanding the context: The question refers to the standard electrode potential or standard cell potential. For a galvanic cell, the standard cell potential \((E^\circ_{\text{cell}})\) is measured under standard conditions.
Standard Conditions: Standard conditions for electrochemical cells typically involve:
Unit of Concentration: Molarity (\(\text{M}\)) is defined as moles of solute per liter of solution. In the International System of Units (SI), a liter (\(\text{L}\)) is equivalent to a cubic decimeter (\(\text{dm}^3\)).
Converting Molarity to SI units: Therefore, \(1 \text{ M}\) is equal to \(1 \text{ mol/L}\), which can also be written as \(1 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}\).
Applying to the question: The statement "concentration of \(\text{Zn}^{2+}\) and \(\text{Cu}^{2+}\) ions is unity" implies that their concentration is \(1 \text{ M}\) or \(1 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}\). This is the standard concentration at which the standard cell potential of 1.1 V for the Daniell cell is defined.
Correct Option: B) \(1 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}\) is the correct unit for concentration under standard conditions, which corresponds to \(1 \text{ M}\).