The question asks about the fundamental composition of everything in the universe. We need to identify the most basic building block or constituent that forms all celestial bodies and other entities.
Correct Option: C) Matter is the fundamental substance that makes up everything in the universe. It has mass and occupies space, forming all celestial bodies and other entities.
The question asks for the term used by early Indian philosophers to refer to the five basic elements. This is a direct recall question from ancient Indian philosophy and cosmology.
Correct Option: A) Panch Tatva is the correct term used by early Indian philosophers for the five basic elements.
To identify examples of chemical change, we need to understand the fundamental difference between physical and chemical changes. A physical change alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not change its chemical composition. A chemical change (or chemical reaction) results in the formation of new substances with different chemical properties.
Crystallization of sodium chloride: This is a process where sodium chloride (salt) dissolves in water and then reforms into solid crystals as the water evaporates. The chemical composition of sodium chloride (\( \text{NaCl} \)) remains the same throughout the process. It only changes its physical state (from dissolved to solid crystal). Therefore, this is a physical change.
Melting of ice: Ice is solid water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)). When it melts, it turns into liquid water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)). The chemical formula and properties of water do not change; only its physical state changes from solid to liquid. Therefore, this is a physical change.
Souring of milk: Souring of milk is caused by bacteria (like Lactobacillus) that convert lactose (milk sugar) into lactic acid. This process produces new chemical substances (lactic acid) with different properties (taste, smell, coagulation) than the original milk components. This is an irreversible process that forms new compounds. Therefore, this is a chemical change.
Based on this analysis, only the souring of milk is an example of a chemical change.
Correct Option: B) 3 only
The question asks for the SI unit of mass. This requires knowledge of the International System of Units (SI) and the fundamental units for various physical quantities.
Correct Option: B) kilogram
The question asks for the SI unit of volume. To answer this, we need to recall the definition of volume and its standard unit within the International System of Units (SI).
Correct Option: D) cubic metre. The cubic metre (\(\text{m}^3\)) is the SI derived unit for volume, as it is derived directly from the SI base unit of length, the metre.
The question asks for the common unit of measuring volume. We need to identify which of the given options is a standard unit for volume.
Correct Option: C) Litre is a common unit for measuring volume, especially for liquids and gases. One litre is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of 10 centimetres, i.e., \(10 \text{ cm} \times 10 \text{ cm} \times 10 \text{ cm} = 1000 \text{ cm}^3\). It is widely used in everyday life and in scientific contexts.