The question asks to identify the pollutants responsible for acid rain from the given list. Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which then react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids.
B) 2 and 4 only. Nitrogen oxide and Sulphur dioxide are the primary atmospheric pollutants that lead to the formation of acid rain.
The question describes a common observation: when substances like sugar, coffee, or lemon juice dissolve in water, their particles seem to disappear into the liquid. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the particulate nature of matter and the existence of intermolecular spaces. We need to identify the property of matter that allows one substance's particles to fit into another's.
Correct Option: A) Space — The phenomenon described, where particles of one substance intermix with another, is a direct evidence that there are empty spaces between the particles of matter. These spaces allow the particles of the solute to occupy the gaps within the solvent, leading to a homogeneous mixture.
This question tests fundamental knowledge about the properties of matter, specifically why particles are in continuous motion. We need to identify the type of energy associated with motion.
Correct Option: B) Kinetic energy. Particles of matter are in constant motion, and any object in motion possesses kinetic energy. This continuous movement is a fundamental property of matter at the molecular/atomic level.
This question tests the fundamental relationship between temperature and the kinetic energy of particles, a core concept in thermodynamics and kinetic theory of matter. Understanding this relationship is crucial for explaining many physical phenomena.
The average kinetic energy (\(E_k\)) of particles in an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (\(T\)) and can be expressed as:
\[ E_k = \frac{3}{2} k_B T \]where \(k_B\) is the Boltzmann constant. This formula clearly shows that as \(T\) increases, \(E_k\) also increases.
D) Increases — As explained above, temperature is a direct measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. When temperature rises, particles gain energy and move faster, thus increasing their kinetic energy.
The question asks for the term that describes the intermixing of particles of two different types of matter. We need to identify the correct scientific term from the given options.
Correct Option: C) Diffusion — Diffusion is the process by which particles of two different types of matter spontaneously intermix due to their random motion, moving from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until they are uniformly distributed.
The question describes an observation about water and asks for the underlying scientific reason. This points to fundamental properties of matter, specifically the forces acting between particles.
A) Force acting between the particles
This is the correct answer. The water molecules are held together by strong intermolecular forces (cohesive forces, specifically hydrogen bonds in water). These forces cause the water to resist being separated, making its surface remain together even when you try to cut it with your fingers. This is a fundamental property of liquids.