The question asks to identify a major source of sulfur dioxide (\(\text{SO}_2\)) pollution. We need to evaluate each option based on its contribution to \(\text{SO}_2\) emissions.
Correct Option: C) Burning of coal containing sulphur is a major source of \(\text{SO}_2\) pollution. Coal often contains sulfur, which, upon combustion, reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. This is a primary contributor to acid rain and air pollution globally.
The question asks about the primary cause of photochemical smog. Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution that forms when sunlight reacts with certain chemicals in the atmosphere. Understanding the key components and conditions for its formation is crucial.
Correct Option: D) Photochemical smog is primarily caused by the reaction of nitrogen oxides (\(NO_x\)) and hydrocarbons (volatile organic compounds) in the presence of sunlight. Sunlight provides the energy to initiate a complex series of chemical reactions that lead to the formation of ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN), and other harmful pollutants characteristic of photochemical smog.
The question asks to identify the main constituents of photochemical smog. Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution formed when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere. Understanding the chemical reactions involved helps in identifying its primary components.
A) Ozone (O3) and PAN — Ozone (\(O_3\)) and peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN) are the characteristic and most harmful components of photochemical smog. Ozone is a strong oxidant and a major component of smog, while PANs contribute to eye irritation and plant damage.
The question asks to identify the type of smog also known as 'classical smog' or 'reducing smog'. This requires knowledge of the different types of smog and their characteristics.
Correct Option: B) London smog is also known as classical smog or reducing smog. It is characterized by sulfur dioxide, smoke, and particulate matter, and occurs in cool, humid conditions.
The question asks for the full form of PAN, a key component of photochemical smog. This requires knowledge of environmental chemistry and common atmospheric pollutants.
Correct Option: D) Peroxyacetyl nitrate — PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate) is a significant component of photochemical smog. It is a secondary pollutant formed in the atmosphere from the reaction of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and oxygen in the presence of sunlight. PAN is a strong eye irritant and can cause respiratory problems.
The question asks to identify the primary greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. This requires knowledge of common atmospheric gases and their role in the greenhouse effect.
C) Carbon dioxide (CO2) — Carbon dioxide is the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas and the primary driver of current global warming. Its long atmospheric lifetime and high radiative efficiency make it a major contributor.