The question asks for the definition of equilibrium in thermodynamics. We need to understand what characterizes a system in thermodynamic equilibrium and evaluate the given options.
Correct Option: C) The macroscopic variables characterising the system do not change in time
The question asks for the definition of an adiabatic wall. We need to understand the concept of heat transfer and how different types of walls interact with it in thermodynamics.
Correct Option: C) Does not allow flow of heat between the systems it separates
An adiabatic wall is a perfect thermal insulator. Its primary characteristic is that it prevents any heat transfer (Q = 0) across it. This is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics, especially when discussing adiabatic processes, where a system is thermally isolated from its surroundings.
The question asks for the definition of a diathermic wall. We need to understand the properties of different types of walls in thermodynamics, specifically how they interact with heat flow.
A) Allows heat to flow between the systems it separates. This is the precise definition of a diathermic wall. It facilitates thermal interaction between systems.
This question tests the understanding of thermodynamic systems, specifically the concept of thermal equilibrium and the role of a diathermic wall. A diathermic wall allows heat exchange between systems.
Therefore, the primary function of a diathermic wall in this scenario is to facilitate heat exchange until thermal equilibrium (same temperature) is achieved.
C) Exchange heat until both reach the same temperature (thermal equilibrium). This accurately describes the process and outcome when two systems are separated by a diathermic wall and allowed to interact. Heat flows until their temperatures equalize, leading to thermal equilibrium.
This question tests the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. We need to identify the correct statement corresponding to the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and differentiate it from the other laws.
Correct Option: D) Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately are in thermal equilibrium with each other
The question asks to identify the scientist who formulated the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and the year it was formulated. This requires knowledge of the history of thermodynamics.
D) R. H. Fowler in 1931. R. H. Fowler formally stated the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics in 1931. This law is crucial for defining temperature.