The question asks to identify the type of mountains the Himalayas represent. This requires knowledge of different mountain formation processes and their characteristic examples.
D) Fold mountains (young fold mountains) — The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, which caused the Earth's crust to buckle and fold, creating these immense mountain ranges. This process is characteristic of fold mountains, and because they are still actively rising, they are considered young fold mountains.
The question asks to identify the northernmost and highest range of the Himalayas. This requires knowledge of the different parallel ranges of the Himalayas and their relative positions and elevations.
Correct Option: D) The Greater Himalaya (Himadri) is the northernmost and the highest range among the principal Himalayan ranges. It is characterized by its lofty peaks and continuous nature.
The question asks to identify the outermost range of the Himalayas that runs parallel to the Lesser Himalayas. This requires knowledge of the major divisions and geographical arrangement of the Himalayan ranges.
A) Shiwalik — The Shiwalik range is indeed the outermost (southernmost) range of the Himalayas, running parallel to the Lesser Himalayas. It is also known as the Outer Himalayas.
The question asks to identify the specific name given to the longitudinal valleys located between the Lesser Himalaya and the Shiwalik ranges. This is a direct question about the geographical features of the Himalayan region.
Correct Option: B) Duns — The longitudinal valleys lying between the Lesser Himalaya and the Shiwalik ranges are well-known as "Duns" in the western parts of India (e.g., Dehradun, Kotli Dun, Patli Dun). These are flat-bottomed structural valleys formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers.
The question asks to identify the highest peak in the world located in the Himalayas. This requires knowledge of the world's highest mountains and their geographical locations.
Mount Everest is universally recognized as the highest mountain in the world, with an elevation of approximately \(8,848.86 \text{ meters}\) above sea level. It is located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas, on the border between Nepal and China (Tibet Autonomous Region).
D) Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world and is located in the Himalayan range.
The question asks to identify the Indian state where Kanchenjunga, the highest peak located entirely within Indian territory, is situated. This requires knowledge of Indian geography, specifically the location of major Himalayan peaks and their corresponding states.
A) Sikkim — Kanchenjunga is prominently located in the state of Sikkim, bordering Nepal. It is the highest peak in India and a significant geographical feature of the state.