The question asks for the best definition of temperature. We need to evaluate each option based on the fundamental physics definition of temperature.
B) The degree of hotness or coldness of a body, related to the average kinetic energy of its molecules.
The question asks for the freezing and boiling points of water on the Celsius scale at standard atmospheric pressure. This is a fundamental concept in physics and chemistry, specifically related to temperature scales.
C) 0°C and 100°C. This option correctly states the freezing point and boiling point of water on the Celsius scale, which are \(0^\circ\text{C}\) and \(100^\circ\text{C}\) respectively, at standard atmospheric pressure.
The question asks about the specific freezing and boiling points of water on the Fahrenheit temperature scale under standard atmospheric pressure. This is a fundamental concept in physics and general science, requiring knowledge of the definitions of different temperature scales.
C) 32°F and 212°F — This option correctly states the freezing point of water as \(32^\circ\text{F}\) and the boiling point as \(212^\circ\text{F}\) on the Fahrenheit scale.
The question asks for the equivalent temperature of absolute zero (0 K) on the Celsius scale. This requires understanding the relationship and conversion between the Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales.
Correct Option: B) -273.15°C — This is the precise conversion of 0 Kelvin to the Celsius scale, representing absolute zero.
To convert a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, we need to use a specific linear conversion formula. This formula accounts for the different scales and reference points (freezing and boiling points of water) of the two temperature systems.
Understand the scales:
Determine the ratio of divisions: The ratio of Fahrenheit divisions to Celsius divisions for the same temperature change is \(\frac{180}{100}\), which simplifies to \(\frac{9}{5}\).
Account for the offset: When Celsius is \(0^\circ\text{C}\), Fahrenheit is \(32^\circ\text{F}\). This means there is an offset of \(32\) degrees that needs to be added after scaling the Celsius temperature.
Formulate the equation: Combining the ratio and the offset, the formula for converting Celsius (C) to Fahrenheit (F) is:
\[ F = \left(\frac{9}{5}\right)C + 32 \]
Correct Option: C) F = (9/5)C + 32
This question asks for the correct formula to convert temperature from the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale. Understanding the relationship between these two temperature scales is fundamental in physics and chemistry.
Correct Option: A) K = C + 273.15
This formula correctly represents the relationship between the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales. The Kelvin scale starts at absolute zero (\(-273.15^\circ\text{C}\)), and each unit degree is the same size as a Celsius degree. Therefore, to convert from Celsius to Kelvin, one must add \(273.15\) to the Celsius value.