The question asks to identify the physical phenomenon responsible for the observed redshift in light from distant galaxies. This phenomenon is related to the change in frequency or wavelength of waves due to relative motion between the source and the observer.
B) Doppler effect — The Doppler effect perfectly explains the redshift observed in light from distant galaxies. As galaxies move away from Earth, the light waves they emit are stretched, causing their wavelength to increase and shift towards the red end of the spectrum. This is a fundamental concept in astronomy and cosmology, providing evidence for the expansion of the universe.
The question asks about the primary elements produced during Big Bang nucleosynthesis. This requires knowledge of the early universe's conditions and the elements formed during that specific period.
Correct Option: A) Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium
The question asks to identify the branch of science that studies the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. We need to evaluate each given option to determine which one correctly describes this field.
Correct Option: B) Cosmology is the branch of science that deals with the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. It is a field of astronomy that studies the universe as a whole, including its large-scale structure, dynamics, and evolution.
The question asks about specific space observations that significantly improved our understanding of the universe's age and composition by studying the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). We need to identify the missions primarily dedicated to CMBR study.
B) WMAP and Planck satellites were specifically designed for and successfully carried out detailed observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). Their data revolutionized our understanding of the universe's age, composition, and evolution, providing the most precise measurements of these cosmological parameters to date.
The question asks about the primary composition of the universe according to the standard cosmological model. This requires knowledge of the current understanding of cosmic constituents, particularly the relative proportions of different types of matter and energy.
B) Dark energy and dark matter — This option correctly identifies the two dominant components of the universe according to the standard cosmological model. Dark energy is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe, while dark matter accounts for gravitational effects not explained by visible matter.
The question asks about the significant events that occurred in the very early universe, specifically within the first few seconds and minutes after the Big Bang. This requires knowledge of the standard cosmological model and the timeline of early universe evolution.
Based on this timeline, the formation of fundamental particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) and light nuclei (hydrogen, helium) occurred in the first few seconds and minutes.
Correct Option: B) Fundamental particles and light nuclei formed