The question asks for another common name for the Indus Valley Civilization. This requires knowledge of the historical terminology associated with this ancient civilization.
Correct Option: B) Harappan Civilization
The question asks to identify the archaeologist who first excavated the site of Harappa in 1921. This requires knowledge of the initial discoveries and key figures associated with the Indus Valley Civilization.
Correct Option: A) Dayaram Sahni was the archaeologist who first excavated the site of Harappa in 1921, leading to the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization.
The question asks about the archaeologist responsible for the initial excavation of Mohenjo-daro in 1922. This requires knowledge of key figures in the discovery and excavation of Indus Valley Civilization sites.
Correct Option: A) R.D. Banerji
The question asks to identify the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) who directed the systematic excavation and study of Indus Valley sites in the 1920s. This requires knowledge of key figures in Indian archaeology and their contributions, particularly concerning the Indus Valley Civilization.
Correct Option: C) Sir John Marshall was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928. It was under his overall direction that the systematic excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which led to the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization, were conducted in the 1920s.
The question asks for the common translation of the name 'Mohenjo-daro'. This requires knowledge of the historical and linguistic context of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Correct Option: D) 'Mound of the Dead' is the widely accepted translation of 'Mohenjo-daro' from Sindhi.
The question asks for the generally accepted time period for the mature (urban) phase of the Indus Valley Civilization. This requires knowledge of the chronological framework established by archaeologists and historians for this ancient civilization.
Correct Option: B) c. 2600-1900 BCE is the widely accepted chronological range for the mature or urban phase of the Indus Valley Civilization, during which its major cities flourished and its distinctive cultural traits were most prominent.