The question asks for the definition of 'suburbanization'. We need to identify the option that accurately describes this demographic and urban development process.
B) Population and economic activity spread outward from the central city into surrounding peripheral areas. This is the correct definition of suburbanization, a process characterized by the outward migration of people and businesses from the central urban core to the surrounding areas, leading to the growth of suburbs.
The question asks for the definition of 'counter-urbanization'. This term describes a specific demographic trend related to population movement between different types of settlements. We need to identify the option that accurately defines this concept.
Correct Option: C) From large cities towards smaller towns and rural areas, a trend often observed in developed countries
The question asks for the best description of a 'satellite town'. We need to evaluate each option based on the common understanding and definition of a satellite town in urban planning and geography.
A) A smaller, often planned town located near a large city, designed to help relieve congestion in the main city — This option accurately defines a satellite town. These towns are developed to accommodate the growing population of a major city and to reduce the pressure on its infrastructure and resources, while still maintaining economic and social ties to the main city.
The question asks to classify Chandigarh based on its primary function. We need to consider its role as the joint capital of two Indian states, Punjab and Haryana, and a Union Territory itself, to determine its functional classification.
Correct Option: D) Administrative town. Chandigarh's primary function is to serve as the administrative and legislative capital for Punjab and Haryana, and as a Union Territory itself, making it an administrative town.
The question asks to classify Varanasi based on its primary functional characteristics. We need to consider the historical and present-day importance of Varanasi as described in the question stem and match it with the most appropriate functional classification among the given options.
A) Religious and cultural town — Varanasi is globally renowned as a significant Hindu pilgrimage site and a historical center for traditional learning, arts, and culture, making this the most accurate functional classification.
The question asks to classify Jamshedpur based on its functional development, specifically mentioning its origin around the Tata Iron and Steel Company. We need to identify the primary function that defines a town developed around such an industry.
C) Industrial town. Jamshedpur is famously known as the "Steel City of India" because it was founded by Jamsetji Tata and developed specifically to house the Tata Iron and Steel Company (now Tata Steel). Its economy and urban structure are primarily driven by industrial activities.