Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, an influential 19th-century Muslim reformer and educationist, is often regarded by historians as an early precursor to separatist Muslim politics, having advised the Muslim community to prioritise:
A.
Immediate demand for a separate Muslim nation
B.
Modern (Western-style) education and cautious political engagement, distinct from the Congress
B. Modern (Western-style) education and cautious political engagement, distinct from the Congress
2.
The poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal, in his presidential address to the All India Muslim League in 1930 at Allahabad, is often cited as having articulated an early vision of a:
A.
Separate, consolidated Muslim state in the north-western regions of India
B.
United, undivided India with no separate territorial arrangement
C.
Return to Mughal-style unified rule
D.
Complete merger of Muslims into the Indian National Congress
The 'Simla Deputation' of 1906, in which a delegation of Muslim leaders met the Viceroy to demand separate representation for Muslims, is regarded by historians as an important early step towards the eventual introduction of:
A.
Separate electorates for Muslims
B.
Universal adult franchise
C.
The abolition of all communal representation
D.
A unified, joint electorate with no communal distinctions
The demand raised by the Simla Deputation was subsequently incorporated into British constitutional reforms through the Indian Councils Act of 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms), which formally introduced:
The Muslim League's call for 'Direct Action Day' on 16 August 1946 resulted in a wave of communal violence in Calcutta, an episode often referred to as the:
