This question asks to identify which phenomenon is best explained by the wave nature of particles. We need to recall the fundamental principles behind each option and determine which one directly demonstrates particle-wave duality.
Correct Option: C) Electron diffraction — Electron diffraction is a direct experimental proof of the wave nature of particles (specifically electrons), where electrons exhibit wave-like properties such as interference and diffraction patterns.
The de Broglie wavelength concept states that all matter exhibits wave-like properties. The significance of this wavelength depends on the mass and velocity of the particle. We need to identify for which particles this wave nature is observable or measurable.
C) Microscopic particles — Microscopic particles have very small masses. Due to their small mass, their de Broglie wavelength becomes large enough to be experimentally observed, demonstrating their wave-like nature through phenomena like diffraction.
The question asks for the definition of threshold frequency in the context of the photoelectric effect. We need to recall the fundamental principles of the photoelectric effect, particularly the conditions required for electron emission from a metal surface.
A) The minimum frequency of light needed to eject electrons
This correctly defines the threshold frequency. If the incident light's frequency is below this value, no photoemission occurs, even if the light is very intense, because individual photons do not carry enough energy to overcome the work function.
The stopping potential in a photoelectric experiment is a crucial concept related to the kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons. It is the minimum negative potential applied to the collector electrode that is just sufficient to stop the most energetic photoelectrons from reaching it, thereby making the photocurrent zero.
Correct Option: C) The potential at which the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons is zero
The question asks for the definition of the work function of a metal. The work function is a fundamental property of a material, particularly important in phenomena like the photoelectric effect.
Correct Option: A) The energy required to remove an electron from the surface of the metal
This question pertains to the photoelectric effect, a phenomenon where electrons are emitted from a material when light shines on it. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons (photoelectrons) is governed by Einstein's photoelectric equation.
B) The frequency of the incident light — According to Einstein's photoelectric equation, \(KE_{max} = h\nu - \Phi\), the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is directly proportional to the frequency (\(\nu\)) of the incident light. Higher frequency light carries more energy per photon, leading to higher kinetic energy for the emitted electrons, provided the frequency is above the threshold frequency.