The question asks about the primary function of a hydrometer. We need to identify which physical property it is designed to measure. A hydrometer operates based on Archimedes' principle, which relates buoyancy to the density of the fluid.
Correct Option: B) Fluid density. A hydrometer is specifically designed to measure the density or specific gravity of liquids. This is its primary and intended function.
The question asks about the fundamental principle behind the operation of a hydrometer. A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the relative density or specific gravity of liquids. Its working relies on the concept of buoyancy, which is described by Archimedes' principle.
Correct Option: A) Archimedes' principle
The question asks about the nature of the scale on a hydrometer. A hydrometer measures the specific gravity or relative density of liquids. Its operation is based on Archimedes' principle, which relates the buoyant force to the volume of fluid displaced.
Correct Option: A) Linear — The scale on a hydrometer is typically linear, meaning that equal divisions on the scale represent equal differences in specific gravity or density. This makes it straightforward to read the measurement.
This question tests the understanding of buoyancy and density, specifically how a hydrometer works. A hydrometer measures the specific gravity (relative density) of a liquid. Its operation is based on Archimedes' principle, which states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. The depth to which a hydrometer sinks in a liquid is inversely proportional to the liquid's density.
B) Lower than water. Since oil is less dense than water, the hydrometer will sink deeper into the oil. A hydrometer is calibrated such that a deeper immersion corresponds to a lower specific gravity reading.
A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids. It works on the principle of buoyancy. The scale on a hydrometer is calibrated for specific liquids or a range of liquids with known properties. If it's used in a liquid for which it has not been calibrated, its readings will not be reliable.
B) Inaccurate — When a hydrometer is used in a liquid for which it has not been calibrated, its scale markings will not correspond to the actual specific gravity of that liquid, leading to an inaccurate reading.
The question asks about the primary function of the graduated scale on a hydrometer. A hydrometer is a device used to measure the relative density or specific gravity of liquids. Its operation is based on Archimedes' principle.
Correct Option: C) Show Specific gravity. The graduated scale on a hydrometer is specifically designed and calibrated to directly indicate the specific gravity (or relative density) of the liquid in which it is immersed. This is its primary and intended purpose.