The question asks to identify the factor that does NOT determine the climate of India. We need to evaluate each option based on its influence on India's climate.
Correct Option: D) Ocean currents of the Pacific — The Pacific Ocean currents do not directly or significantly determine the climate of India. India's climate is predominantly influenced by factors such as its latitudinal extent, altitude, distance from the sea, and the Indian Ocean monsoon system.
The question asks about the path of the Tropic of Cancer through India. To answer this, one needs to recall the geographical location of the Tropic of Cancer and the states it passes through in India.
D) Central part in east-west direction. This accurately describes both the geographical location (central part) and the directional orientation (east-west) of the Tropic of Cancer as it crosses India.
The question asks to identify the mountain range that acts as a climatic barrier, protecting India from cold northern winds. This requires knowledge of India's geography and climate.
C) Himalayas — The Himalayas, due to their immense height and vast east-west stretch, form an impenetrable barrier against the frigid, dry winds blowing from Central Asia and Siberia. This protection is crucial for maintaining India's relatively warm climate, especially during winter, and is a primary reason for the subcontinent's distinct monsoon climate.
The question asks why coastal areas in India experience an equable climate. An equable climate is characterized by moderate temperatures throughout the year, without extreme hot summers or cold winters. This phenomenon is primarily influenced by geographical factors, especially the presence of large water bodies.
Correct Option: B) Due to moderating influence of the sea
The question asks about the rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude in the Earth's atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the environmental lapse rate or average lapse rate in the troposphere.
Correct Option: B) 6.5°C per 1000 metres
The question asks for the literal meaning of the term 'Monsoon'. To answer this, one needs to recall the etymology and fundamental definition of the word as used in climatology.
Correct Option: A) Seasonal reversal of winds