The question asks to identify the mathematical treatise written by Sripathi. This requires knowledge of ancient Indian mathematicians and their works.
A) Ganitatika — Sripathi wrote a significant mathematical treatise titled "Ganitatilaka" (or Ganitatika), which is a commentary on Sridhara's "Trisatika". This work covers arithmetic, geometry, and mensuration.
The question asks to identify the ancient Indian astronomy textbook that computed the Earth's diameter, specifically mentioning a compilation date around 1000 BC. We need to evaluate the given options based on their historical context and content.
C) Surya Siddhantha - This ancient Indian astronomical treatise contains detailed calculations for various celestial bodies, including the Earth's diameter. While its final compilation is generally dated to around 400-500 CE, it is believed to be based on much older astronomical traditions and knowledge. The question's reference to "1000 BC" likely points to the deep historical roots of the astronomical knowledge that eventually found its way into texts like the Surya Siddhantha.
The question asks to identify the ancient Indian scripture that estimated the age of the Earth as 4,320 million years. This requires knowledge of specific texts and their cosmological descriptions, particularly the concept of a 'kalpa' in Hindu cosmology.
Correct Option: B) Srimad Bhagavatam — The Srimad Bhagavatam, a major Purana, details the Hindu cosmological timeline, including the concept of a 'kalpa' (a day of Brahma). One kalpa is stated to be 4.32 billion years, or 4,320 million years, which is the estimated age of the Earth (or the duration of a cosmic cycle) as per this tradition. This text elaborates on the cyclical nature of time and creation, consistent with the figure mentioned.
The question asks about the primary content of the Atharvana Veda. To answer this, we need to recall the main themes and subjects covered in each of the four Vedas, specifically focusing on the Atharvana Veda's unique contributions.
The Atharvana Veda is often considered the origin of Indian medicine, known as Ayurveda. It contains numerous hymns and spells related to healing, disease prevention, and prolonging life, making it a crucial source for understanding ancient Ayurvedic practices.
The question asks for the specific date when ISRO successfully launched its first Geo-Stationary Launch Vehicle (GSLV). This is a factual question related to the history of India's space program.
The question asks to identify the year designated by the UN as the International Year of Soils. This is a factual question related to international observances and environmental initiatives.
Correct Option: C) 2015 is the correct answer because the United Nations declared 2015 as the International Year of Soils to raise awareness about the importance of soil for food security and ecosystem functions.