The question asks about the urbanization rate in India during the early 20th century. This is a factual question related to historical demographic trends in India, specifically the percentage of the population living in urban areas around 1900-1920. Knowledge of Indian history and demography is required to answer this question.
A) 11 per cent. Historical data from the early 20th-century censuses in British India indicates that only about 11% of the population resided in urban areas. This reflects the largely rural and agrarian nature of Indian society at that time.
The question asks for the term that describes the increasing concentration of people in urban areas. We need to identify the correct sociological or geographical term from the given options.
Correct Option: B) Urbanisation is the process by which more and more people begin to reside in towns and cities. It involves the growth of urban areas and the increasing proportion of a population living in them.
The question asks to identify the historic imperial city that became a dusty provincial town in the 19th century before being rebuilt as the capital of British India after 1912. This requires knowledge of Indian history, specifically the administrative changes during the British Raj.
C) Delhi. Delhi was the historic imperial capital of various Indian empires, including the Mughals. After the decline of the Mughal Empire and the British establishment of Calcutta as their capital, Delhi's importance waned, and it became a provincial town. In 1911, King George V announced the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi, and the construction of New Delhi began, which was inaugurated in 1931.
The question asks to identify the city that grew significantly after the East India Company established it as its main port in western India. This requires knowledge of the historical development of major Indian cities during the British colonial period.
Correct Option: A) Bombay began to grow when the East India Company started using it as its main port in western India. The Company acquired Bombay in 1668 and rapidly developed it into a significant trading center and naval base due to its excellent natural harbor.
The question asks to identify the river on whose left bank 14 capital cities were founded in a small area of about 60 square miles. This is a historical and geographical fact related to the ancient city of Delhi.
Correct Option: D) Jamuna. The Yamuna (Jamuna) River is historically associated with the numerous capital cities founded in the Delhi region. The description perfectly matches the historical development of Delhi, which saw many capital cities established on the left bank of the Yamuna over centuries.
The question asks to identify the city or structure built by Shah Jahan, with construction beginning in 1639. This requires knowledge of Mughal history and major architectural projects of Emperor Shah Jahan.
Correct Option: B) Shahjahanabad was the seventh city of Delhi, built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Its construction began in 1639 and it served as the capital of the Mughal Empire for a significant period. It included iconic structures like the Red Fort and Jama Masjid.