The Constitution (Seventy-Third Amendment)Act,1992 which aims at promoting the Panchayati Raj Institutions in the country, provides for for which of the following?
1. Constitution of district planning committees.
2. State election commission to conduct all panchayat elections.
3. Establishment of state finance commissions.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
The question asks about the provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which institutionalized Panchayati Raj in India. We need to identify which of the given statements are indeed provisions of this Act.
C) 2 and 3 only. Statements 2 and 3 are direct provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
The question describes a location in Odisha where two rivers, one originating in Jharkhand and another in Odisha, merge near the Bay of Bengal coast. This site is also a protected area known for its wildlife and biodiversity. We need to identify which of the given options fits this description.
Correct Option: A) Bhitarkanika is a National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary located in the deltaic region of the Brahmani and Baitarani rivers in Odisha. The Brahmani river originates in Jharkhand (as South Koel and Sankh) and flows into Odisha, while the Baitarani river originates in Odisha. They merge near the coast, forming an estuarine system rich in biodiversity, including mangroves and saltwater crocodiles, making it a significant protected area.
The question asks for the definition of the "base effect" in the context of inflation. The base effect refers to the impact of the previous year's price levels on the current year's inflation rate calculation. We need to identify the option that correctly describes this phenomenon.
C) It is the impact of the price levels of previous year on the calculation of inflation rate. This statement accurately defines the base effect. When the price level in the corresponding period of the previous year (the base) was low, even a moderate increase in prices in the current year can result in a high inflation rate. Conversely, if the base price level was high, a moderate increase in current prices might result in a lower inflation rate.
The question asks why India is considered a country with a "Demographic Dividend". This concept refers to the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population's age structure, primarily when the share of the working-age population (15-64 years) is larger than the non-working-age share (children and elderly).
Correct Option: B) Its high population in the age group of 15-64 years.
The question asks to identify the incorrect statement regarding carbon credits. We need to evaluate each option based on our knowledge of the carbon credit system, its origins, purpose, and how it operates.
D) Carbon credits are traded at a price fixed from time to time by the United Nations Environment Programme. This statement is incorrect because the price of carbon credits is determined by market mechanisms, not by a fixed price set by UNEP.
The question asks to identify the statement that is NOT a feature of Value Added Tax (VAT). We need to evaluate each option based on the fundamental characteristics of VAT.
D) It is basically a subject of the central government and the state governments are only a facilitator for its successful implementation. This statement is incorrect. In India, before GST, VAT on goods was primarily a state subject. States had the power to levy and administer VAT on sales within their territories. Therefore, it was not solely a central government subject with states merely facilitating.
The question asks for the definition of a "closed economy." We need to understand the fundamental characteristics that distinguish a closed economy from an open economy.
Correct Option: D) Neither exports nor imports take place. This accurately defines a closed economy as one that is self-sufficient and has no economic transactions with other countries.
This question tests knowledge of plant anatomy and physiology, specifically the functions of different tissues in the bark of a tree. Understanding the role of phloem and xylem is crucial to answer this question.
B) Roots are starved of energy. This is the correct explanation. The removal of bark severs the phloem, which transports food (sugars) from the leaves to the roots. Without this food supply, the roots cannot produce energy and eventually die, leading to the death of the entire tree.
The question asks to identify the nature of the "New START" treaty, which has been in the news. This requires knowledge of international relations and current affairs, specifically regarding arms control treaties.
A) It is a bilateral strategic nuclear arms reduction treaty between the USA and the Russian Federation
The "New START" (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is indeed a bilateral treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation. It aims to reduce and limit the number of deployed strategic nuclear warheads and bombs, as well as the launchers for these weapons. It entered into force on February 5, 2011, and was extended for five years in February 2021.
Three of the following criteria have contributed to the recognition of Western Ghats -Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma regions as hotspots of biodiversity:
1. Species richness
2. Vegetation density
3. Endemism
4. Ethnobotanical importance
5. Threat perception 6. Adaptation of flora and fauna to warm and humid conditions
Which three of the above are correct criteria in the context?
The question asks to identify the correct criteria that contribute to the recognition of biodiversity hotspots, specifically mentioning the Western Ghats - Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma regions. Biodiversity hotspots are biogeographic regions with significant levels of biodiversity that are threatened by human habitation. Norman Myers first identified the concept of biodiversity hotspots in 1988.
C) 1, 3 and 5 are the correct criteria. Biodiversity hotspots are characterized by high species richness (though specifically endemic species count is the formal criterion), high endemism (at least 1,500 endemic vascular plant species), and significant threat perception (loss of at least 70% of original habitat).