The question pertains to the legislative power of the Indian Parliament regarding the implementation of international treaties. The key is to understand the constitutional provisions that grant Parliament this authority, especially concerning the federal structure and state consent.
Correct Option: D) Without the consent of any State
The question asks why trees do not replace grasses in grasslands during ecological succession. This involves understanding the environmental factors that maintain grasslands and prevent the establishment of a forest ecosystem.
Correct Option: C) water limits and fire
The question asks for the correct sequence of ecosystems in decreasing order of productivity. Productivity in an ecosystem refers to the rate at which biomass is produced, often measured as primary production (the rate at which producers, like plants, convert energy into organic substances). To answer this, we need to compare the typical productivity levels of the given ecosystems: mangroves, oceans, lakes, and grasslands.
C) Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
This sequence correctly orders the ecosystems from highest to lowest productivity: Mangroves (very high) > Grasslands (high to moderate) > Lakes (moderate to low) > Oceans (very low average).
The question asks about the application of contour bunding as a soil conservation method. We need to identify the environmental conditions where this technique is primarily used. Contour bunding involves constructing earthen barriers along contour lines to slow down water flow and prevent soil erosion.
Correct Option: D) None of the above
The question asks to identify which of the given options is NOT an objective of the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act, 1996. We need to recall the core objectives of PESA and then compare them with the provided options.
C) To create autonomous regions in tribal areas — PESA aims to provide self-governance at the village level within the existing administrative framework, not to establish independent autonomous regions akin to those under the Sixth Schedule.
The question asks about the authority responsible for initiating the process of determining forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. This requires knowledge of the specific provisions of the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006.
D) Gram Sabha is the correct answer. As per Section 6(1) of the Forest Rights Act, 2006, the Gram Sabha is the statutory authority to initiate the process for determining forest rights.
The question asks about the causative agents responsible for producing aflatoxins, which are harmful toxins found in improperly stored cereal grains and oilseeds. This requires knowledge of common food spoilage microorganisms and their metabolic byproducts.
Correct Option: C) moulds
The question asks where the objective of 'Economic Justice' is enshrined in the Indian Constitution. To answer this, we need to recall the key provisions and objectives outlined in the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
Correct Option: B) the Preamble and the Directive Principles of State Policy. The Preamble explicitly states "Justice, social, economic and political" as an objective. The Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) contain several articles (e.g., Articles 38, 39) that aim to secure economic justice by directing the state to ensure equitable distribution of wealth, equal pay for equal work, and minimize economic inequalities.
Due to improper/indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste?
1. Beryllium
2. Cadmium
3. Chromium
4. Heptachlor
5. Mercury
6. Lead
7. Plutonium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only
1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only
2, 4, 5 and 7 only
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
The question asks to identify which of the listed substances are released into the environment as e-waste from old and used computers or their parts. This requires knowledge of the hazardous materials commonly found in electronic components.
Correct Option: B) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only
Acid rain is a significant environmental issue caused by atmospheric pollution. It occurs when certain pollutants react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form acidic compounds. The key is to identify which common air pollutants are responsible for this process.
Correct Option: D) nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide
Nitrous oxide (\(\text{N}_2\text{O}\)) is one of the nitrogen oxides, and sulphur dioxide (\(\text{SO}_2\)) is the other primary precursor. These two categories of gases are the main contributors to acid rain.