The question asks to identify the scientist who received the Nobel Prize in 1961 for elucidating the carbon assimilation pathway in photosynthesis. This requires knowledge of key discoveries in photosynthesis and their associated Nobel laureates.
Correct Option: C) Melvin Calvin received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961 for his groundbreaking work on the carbon assimilation pathway in photosynthesis, which is now famously known as the Calvin Cycle. He used radioactive carbon-14 to trace the sequence of chemical reactions involved in converting carbon dioxide into glucose.
The question asks for the overall balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis in green plants. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy, in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water. The process also releases oxygen as a byproduct.
This equation represents the overall process, including the water produced as a net result of the complex series of reactions.
C) \(6\text{CO}_2 + 12\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 6\text{O}_2\). This equation correctly balances all atoms and reflects the consumption of 12 water molecules and the production of 6 water molecules, leading to a net consumption of 6 water molecules, along with the production of glucose and oxygen.
The question asks about the specific location within the chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place. Understanding the structure of the chloroplast and the stages of photosynthesis is key to answering this.
Correct Option: A) Thylakoid membranes (grana) — The thylakoid membranes are the site where chlorophyll and other pigments are located, and where the light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) through the electron transport chain. Stacks of thylakoids are called grana, so this option correctly identifies the location.
This question asks about the absorption maximum of the reaction centre chlorophyll of Photosystem I (PS I). This is a fundamental concept in photosynthesis, specifically related to the light-harvesting complexes and reaction centres in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Understanding the specific wavelengths absorbed by different photosystems is crucial.
Correct Option: C) 700 nm
The Z-scheme describes the path of electron flow during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It is named for its zig-zag shape when plotted on a redox potential scale. Understanding the sequence of components involved in this electron transport chain is crucial.
Therefore, the correct sequence of electron flow is PS II \(\rightarrow\) ETS \(\rightarrow\) PS I \(\rightarrow\) NADP+.
Correct Option: D) PS II \(\rightarrow\) ETS \(\rightarrow\) PS I \(\rightarrow\) NADP+
The question asks about the specific photosystem involved in the photolysis (splitting) of water during photosynthesis. This is a fundamental concept in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
D) Photosystem II (PS II) is directly associated with the splitting of water (photolysis) during photosynthesis. This process provides the electrons needed to replenish those lost by PS II's reaction center and releases oxygen.