The question asks for the name of the single mega-ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea. This is a concept from plate tectonics and paleogeography.
Correct Option: B) Panthalassa was the single mega-ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea.
The question asks to identify the scientist who proposed the Continental Drift Theory in 1912. This requires knowledge of key figures in the development of geological theories.
B) Alfred Wegener proposed the Continental Drift Theory in 1912. He gathered geological, paleontological, and climatological evidence to support his hypothesis that the continents were once joined together in a single supercontinent called Pangea and have since drifted apart.
The question asks to identify the scientist who proposed the concept of 'Sea Floor Spreading'. This is a direct factual question related to the history of plate tectonics.
Correct Option: C) Harry Hess
Harry Hess, an American geologist, proposed the theory of sea-floor spreading in 1960. His theory suggested that the ocean floor is created at mid-oceanic ridges and then spreads outwards, eventually being consumed at deep ocean trenches. This concept was crucial in providing a mechanism for Alfred Wegener's earlier theory of continental drift and paved the way for the modern theory of plate tectonics.
The question asks to identify the mountain range where Mount Everest, the highest peak on Earth, is located. This is a factual question related to world geography.
D) Himalayas — Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, is indeed located in the Himalayan mountain range, specifically on the border between Nepal and China.
The question asks to identify the longest river in the world. This is a factual question based on geographical knowledge. We need to recall the lengths of major rivers to determine the correct answer.
Correct Option: B) The Nile River is traditionally recognized as the longest river in the world, flowing approximately 6,650 kilometers (4,132 miles) from its source in Burundi to the Mediterranean Sea. It flows through eleven countries in northeastern Africa.
The question asks to identify the largest hot desert in the world. This requires knowledge of the major deserts and their characteristics, specifically their size and climate classification (hot vs. cold).
Correct Option: C) The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world, covering an area of approximately 9.2 million square kilometers (3.6 million square miles). It spans across much of North Africa.