The question asks about the fundamental principle behind atoms combining, according to the Kössel-Lewis approach. This approach, also known as the octet rule, explains chemical bonding based on the tendency of atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Correct Option: A) Noble gas
Atoms combine with each other mainly to attain the stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas. Noble gases have a complete outermost electron shell (duplet for He, octet for others), which is a highly stable state. Atoms achieve this stability by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
The question asks about the octet rule, a fundamental concept in chemistry that explains how atoms achieve stability. To answer this, recall the definition of the octet rule and the number of valence electrons associated with it.
Correct Option: C) Eight — The octet rule explicitly states that atoms strive to have eight electrons in their outermost (valence) shell to achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to that of noble gases.
This question tests knowledge of basic chemical bonding principles, specifically the duplet rule and octet rule, which explain how atoms achieve stability. We need to recall the specific rule that applies to hydrogen and helium.
Correct Option: D) Two. Hydrogen and helium attain stability by acquiring two electrons in their valence shell, following the duplet rule.
The question asks to identify the type of chemical bond formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. We need to recall the definitions of different types of chemical bonds.
Correct Option: D) An ionic (electrovalent) bond is formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. This transfer results in the formation of oppositely charged ions (cations and anions), which are then held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
The question asks to identify the type of chemical bond formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms. We need to recall the definitions of different types of chemical bonds.
Correct Option: B) Covalent bond
The question asks about the originators of the explanation for the chemical inertness of noble gases based on a completely filled outer electron shell. This concept is fundamental to understanding chemical bonding and stability.
Correct Option: A) Kössel and Lewis
Gilbert N. Lewis and Walther Kossel, working independently in 1916, proposed theories that explained chemical bonding and the stability of noble gases. Lewis introduced the concept of the octet rule and electron-dot structures, where atoms achieve stability by having eight electrons in their outermost shell. Kossel focused on the transfer of electrons to achieve stable noble gas configurations, particularly in ionic compounds. Their combined work provided the early explanation for the chemical inertness of noble gases due to their completely filled outer electron shells.