The valency of an atom is determined by the number of electrons in its outermost shell (valence shell) and its tendency to achieve a stable electron configuration, typically an octet (8 electrons) or a duet (2 electrons for hydrogen and helium). For carbon, we need to consider its atomic number and electron configuration.
C) Four ā Carbon has 4 valence electrons and forms 4 covalent bonds to achieve a stable octet configuration, hence its valency is 4.
The question asks for the specific property of carbon atoms that allows them to form long chains, branched chains, and rings by linking with other carbon atoms through covalent bonds. We need to identify the correct chemical term for this phenomenon from the given options.
Correct Option: C) Catenation is the unique property of carbon atoms to link with other carbon atoms through strong covalent bonds, forming long chains, branched chains, and rings. This property is responsible for the vast number of organic compounds.
The question asks why carbon forms covalent bonds instead of ionic bonds. This relates to carbon's electron configuration and the energy required to achieve a stable octet.
Correct Option: D) It has 4 electrons in its valence shell, making gain/loss of electrons energetically unfavourable
The question asks to identify the element that exhibits the property of catenation to the greatest extent. Catenation is the ability of an element to form bonds with atoms of the same element, creating long chains or rings. This property is primarily dependent on the bond strength between identical atoms and the valency of the element.
Correct Option: A) Carbon exhibits catenation to the greatest extent due to its strong C-C bonds and tetravalency, allowing it to form stable long chains, branched structures, and rings.
The question asks to identify the type of covalent bond formed when two electron pairs are shared between two carbon atoms. We need to recall the definitions of different types of covalent bonds based on the number of shared electron pairs.
Correct Option: D) Double bond
The question asks for the two properties of carbon that are primarily responsible for the vast number of organic compounds. We need to identify the unique characteristics of carbon that allow it to form diverse and stable compounds.
A) Catenation and tetravalency ā Carbon's ability to form strong bonds with other carbon atoms (catenation) and its capacity to form four covalent bonds (tetravalency) are the two fundamental properties that lead to the immense variety and number of organic compounds.