The question asks to identify the class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of an -OH group attached to a carbon chain. This requires knowledge of common functional groups in organic chemistry.
Correct Option: B) Alcohols
Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom. For example, ethanol (\(CH_3CH_2OH\)) is an alcohol.
To identify the functional group in acetic acid (CH₃COOH), we need to recall the common functional groups and their characteristic structures. Acetic acid is a well-known organic compound, and its chemical formula directly indicates the presence of a specific functional group.
C) Carboxylic acid group (–COOH): Acetic acid has the formula CH₃COOH, where the –COOH moiety is the defining characteristic of a carboxylic acid. This group contains both a carbonyl (\(C=O\)) and a hydroxyl (\(-OH\)) group attached to the same carbon atom.
The question asks to identify the class of organic compounds represented by the functional group –CHO. This requires knowledge of common functional groups and their corresponding organic compound classes.
B) Aldehydes
The functional group –CHO is characteristic of aldehydes. In an aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom and one alkyl or aryl group (or another hydrogen atom in the case of formaldehyde). The general formula for an aldehyde is \(R-CHO\).
The question asks to identify the functional group based on the position of a carbonyl group (\(>\text{C}=\text{O}\)) within a carbon chain. Understanding the definitions of common organic functional groups is key to answering this question.
C) Ketone — A ketone is characterized by a carbonyl group (\(>\text{C}=\text{O}\)) where the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms, placing the carbonyl group within the carbon chain rather than at its end.
The question asks to identify the functional group characteristic of halogenated hydrocarbons. Functional groups are specific atoms or groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. We need to recall the definitions of common functional groups.
Correct Option: A) –X (halogen atom) is the functional group that defines halogenated hydrocarbons. The 'X' typically represents any halogen element (F, Cl, Br, I).
This question asks to identify the functional group of ethers. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. We need to recall the common functional groups and their structures.
The functional group \(-O-\) represents an oxygen atom bonded to two other atoms (typically carbon atoms in organic chemistry). This is the defining characteristic of an ether linkage. For example, in dimethyl ether, the structure is \(CH_3-O-CH_3\).