The question asks about the primary elemental composition of the Sun. This is a fundamental fact in astronomy and astrophysics, relating to star formation and stellar nucleosynthesis.
B) Hydrogen and Helium — The Sun is primarily composed of Hydrogen (about 73% by mass) and Helium (about 25% by mass). These two elements account for nearly 98% of the Sun's total mass.
The question asks about the estimated age of the Solar System. This is a fundamental concept in astronomy and geology, often determined by radiometric dating of meteorites and the oldest Earth and Moon rocks.
Correct Option: A) 4.6 billion years. This is the scientifically accepted age for the formation of the Solar System, based on extensive radiometric dating of meteorites and other early Solar System materials.
The question asks for the correct order of planets by increasing distance from the Sun. This requires knowledge of the standard order of planets in our solar system.
D) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
This option correctly lists all eight planets in their increasing order of distance from the Sun.
The question asks for the classification of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars based on their rocky composition. This requires knowledge of the different categories of planets in our solar system and their defining characteristics.
Correct Option: C) Terrestrial (inner) planets — This classification accurately describes Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars due to their rocky composition and their location in the inner solar system.
The question asks to identify the category of planets to which Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune belong. This requires knowledge of the classification of planets in our solar system.
Correct Option: A) Jovian (gas/ice giant) planets. This option correctly identifies Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune as Jovian planets, which include both gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn) and ice giants (Uranus, Neptune).
The question asks for the location of the Asteroid Belt in our solar system. This is a fundamental concept in astronomy and general knowledge, often covered in competitive exams.
C) Mars and Jupiter — The Asteroid Belt is indeed situated between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It marks the boundary between the inner, rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) and the outer, gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune).