The question asks to identify the grain that was NOT consumed by the Harappan civilization. This requires knowledge of the agricultural practices and crops cultivated during the Indus Valley Civilization period.
Archaeological evidence from various Harappan sites indicates that agriculture was a primary occupation. The Harappans cultivated a variety of crops, including cereals, pulses, and oilseeds. Wheat and barley were staple crops, and lentils were also widely grown and consumed. Oats, however, are not typically listed among the grains cultivated or consumed by the Harappan civilization.
D) Oats — Oats are not generally associated with the Harappan diet or agricultural practices. While other grains were extensively cultivated, there is no significant archaeological evidence to suggest that oats were a common crop in the Indus Valley Civilization.
The question asks to identify the WRONG statements regarding findings at Harappan sites. We need to evaluate each statement based on archaeological evidence related to the Harappan civilization.
Since all the given statements (a, b, c, and d) are factually correct based on archaeological findings of the Harappan civilization, there are no wrong statements among them.
Correct Option: D) None of the above. This option is correct because all the statements provided (a, b, c, and d) are accurate descriptions of archaeological findings related to the Harappan civilization. The question asks to identify the WRONG statements, and since none are wrong, 'None of the above' is the correct choice.
The question asks about animals known during the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) based on archaeological findings like seals and terracotta sculptures. We need to identify which of the given animals is prominently depicted in IVC artifacts.
A) Bull — Representations of the bull, particularly the humped bull (zebu), are very common on Indus Valley seals and terracotta sculptures. The "unicorn" seal, which is often interpreted as a mythical bull or a stylized representation of a real bull, is one of the most iconic images from the IVC. This indicates that the bull was a well-known and significant animal in their culture.
The question asks to identify the location of the Harappan site of Shortughai, specifically where traces of canals have been found. This requires knowledge of the geographical distribution of major Harappan sites.
B) Afghanistan. Shortughai is a Harappan site located in the Badakhshan province of northeastern Afghanistan. It is well-known for its strategic location for trade, particularly in lapis lazuli, and for the discovery of irrigation canals, which are among the earliest known in the region.
The question asks to identify the most well-known site of the Indus Valley Civilization, given that Harappa was the first to be discovered. This requires knowledge of prominent Indus Valley Civilization sites and their historical significance.
Correct Option: C) Mohenjodaro is widely regarded as one of the most prominent and well-known sites of the Indus Valley Civilization. It is famous for its advanced urban planning, including a sophisticated drainage system, the Great Bath, and the Great Granary. While Harappa was the first site discovered and excavated, Mohenjodaro's scale and preservation have made it exceptionally famous.
The question asks to identify which of the given options is NOT a Harappan site. This requires knowledge of the major and minor sites associated with the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization).
Correct Option: C) Sohgaura
Sohgaura is an archaeological site located in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is famous for a Mauryan-era (3rd century BCE) copper plate inscription, which is one of the earliest known Indian inscriptions. This inscription deals with famine relief measures and the storage of grain. It is clearly not a Harappan site, which dates much earlier (c. 2500–1900 BCE).