The question asks to evaluate two statements regarding the Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006, and the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). We need to determine the correctness of each statement based on established facts about food safety regulations in India.
A) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct as the FSSA, 2006, replaced the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954. Statement 2 is incorrect because FSSAI is headed by a Chairperson and not by the Director General of Health Services.
The question asks to identify the system introduced in June 1997 for the subsidized distribution of food grains to poor families. This requires knowledge of India's public distribution systems and their historical context.
A) Targeted Public Distribution System – The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) was indeed introduced in June 1997 to focus on providing subsidized food grains to poor families, distinguishing them from non-poor families.
The question asks for the full form of "APL" in the context of the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) in India. This requires knowledge of common abbreviations used in Indian social welfare and economic schemes.
Correct Option: D) Above Poverty Line
The question refers to the pricing mechanism under the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India, specifically comparing the prices for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families and Above Poverty Line (APL) families. Understanding the differential pricing policy is key to answering this question.
B) One-half — BPL families acquire food grains, sugar, and kerosene at approximately one-half of the price compared to APL families under the Public Distribution System (PDS). This differential pricing is a key component of the PDS to provide greater food security to the economically weaker sections.
The question asks about the components that constitute the economic cost of food grains for the Food Corporation of India (FCI). The economic cost is the total expenditure incurred by the FCI in procuring, storing, and distributing food grains.
These are collectively known as procurement incidentals.
Therefore, the economic cost is MSP + bonus + procurement incidentals + distribution cost.
Correct Option: C) Procurement incidentals and distribution cost
The economic cost of food grains to the Food Corporation of India (FCI) is calculated as: \[ \text{Economic Cost} = \text{MSP} + \text{Bonus (if any)} + \text{Procurement Incidentals} + \text{Distribution Cost} \] Procurement incidentals cover expenses like mandi charges, labour, transportation to godowns, and interest. Distribution cost includes freight, handling, storage losses, and administrative overheads for moving grains to consumption centres.
The question asks about a major issue in a distribution system. Distribution systems, especially in the context of public services or welfare programs, aim to deliver goods or services to the intended beneficiaries. A common problem in such systems is ensuring that all eligible individuals receive what they are entitled to.
A) Inclusion — A major issue in distribution systems is ensuring that all eligible beneficiaries are included and receive the intended goods or services. Failure of inclusion means that deserving individuals are left out, which undermines the purpose of the distribution system. While exclusion (of the ineligible) is also a concern, ensuring that all eligible individuals are included is often the paramount challenge and a measure of the system's success.