The question asks us to identify the correct statements based on the provided passage. We need to read each statement and cross-reference it with the information given in the passage to determine its accuracy.
A) 1 and 2 only
Based on our analysis, statements 1 and 2 are directly supported by the text of the passage, while statements 3 and 4 are not.
The problem states that the passage argues for an "enabling State" to achieve inclusive growth, instead of a Government that tries to deliver everything itself. This means that the correct strategy must match the two roles the passage gives the State: creating good conditions for the market with minimal interference, and directly helping the poor. We will compare each option with these two roles and pick the one the passage supports.
Identify the passage's main argument: India is too large and complex for the State to deliver everything. Trying to produce all goods, create all jobs and control all prices leads to a cumbersome bureaucracy and corruption.
Identify the role of the enabling State: The passage gives the State two roles:
Match the options with these roles:
Select the option: Only the focus on basic services for the deprived sections fits the passage's strategy for inclusive growth.
Correct Option: D) Delivery of the basic services to the deprived sections of the society — The passage says the enabling State should directly help the poor by ensuring basic education, health services, nutrition and food, which is the focus that makes growth inclusive.
The problem states that the passage describes an "enabling Government" as one that does not try to deliver everything to citizens directly. This means that the correct features must match the roles the passage assigns to such a Government: creating an ethos where individual enterprise can flourish, and stepping in to help those who cannot do well for themselves. We will check each of the five statements against the passage and keep only those it supports.
Recall the passage's definition: An enabling Government (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well, by ensuring basic education, health services, nutrition and food for the poor.
Examine statement 1 (A large bureaucracy): The passage warns that asking the Government to do everything leads to a large, cumbersome bureaucracy and corruption. A large bureaucracy is the problem the enabling Government avoids, so statement 1 is incorrect.
Examine statement 2 (Welfare through representatives): The passage says nothing about implementing welfare programmes through representatives. It speaks of the Government directly helping the poor, so statement 2 is not supported.
Examine statement 3 (Ethos that helps individual enterprise): This matches the first role exactly: creating an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish. Statement 3 is correct.
Examine statement 4 (Resources to the underprivileged): The passage says the Government steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, ensuring they receive education, health services, nutrition and food. This is providing resources to the underprivileged, so statement 4 is correct.
Examine statement 5 (Direct help to the poor on basic services): The passage says the Government plays an important role in directly helping the poor with basic education, health, nutrition and food. Statement 5 is correct.
Combine the results: Statements 3, 4 and 5 describe an enabling Government; statements 1 and 2 do not.
Correct Option: C) 3, 4 and 5 only — An enabling Government creates an ethos in which individual enterprise can flourish and directly helps the underprivileged with basic services and resources, which are statements 3, 4 and 5.
The problem states that the passage says the State is unable to deliver "all that is needed" and asks for the reason behind this. This means that the correct answer must match the reason the passage actually gives, which is that India is too large and complex a nation. We will check each of the two statements against this reason and keep only those the passage supports.
Find the reason in the passage: The passage says India is too large and complex a nation for the State to deliver all that is needed. This size and complexity is the only reason given.
Examine statement 1 (Insufficient bureaucracy): The passage does not say the State lacks bureaucracy. In fact, it warns that trying to deliver everything leads to a large, cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. A shortage of bureaucracy is not the reason, so statement 1 is incorrect.
Examine statement 2 (Does not promote inclusive growth): The passage treats inclusive growth as the goal the State should keep pursuing, with a more realistic view of what it can deliver. It never says the State fails to deliver because it does not promote inclusive growth, so statement 2 is incorrect.
Combine the results: Neither statement matches the reason given in the passage, which is India's size and complexity.
Correct Option: D) Neither 1 nor 2 — The passage says the State cannot deliver all that is needed because India is too large and complex a nation, not because of insufficient bureaucracy or a failure to promote inclusive growth.
The problem states that the passage discusses inclusive growth and argues for an enabling State instead of a Government that tries to deliver everything. This means that the essential message must cover the whole passage, not just one detail or example from it. We will identify the central idea from the opening and the overall argument, then compare each option with it.
Read the opening line: The passage begins by saying that achieving inclusive growth requires a critical rethink of the role of the State. This sets the theme for everything that follows.
Follow the argument: The rest of the passage develops this idea:
Identify the central message: Every part of the passage supports one idea: the role of the State must be rethought, moving towards an enabling State, to achieve inclusive growth.
Compare the options: Options A and B pick up single details from the passage, and option C contradicts it. Only option D captures the overall message.
Correct Option: D) There is a need to rethink the role of the State in achieving inclusive growth — The passage opens with this idea and spends the rest of its length explaining what a rethought, enabling State should look like.
The question asks for the author's implication of "creative society" based on the provided passage. We need to carefully read the definition and examples given in the passage to identify the key characteristics of a creative society.
C) 3 and 4