What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movement?
1. Aggressiveness and being incendiary.
2. Instigation by external forces.
3. Quest for social equality and individual freedom
4. Urge for granting privilege and self-respect to disparaged sections of the society.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
UPSC - 2011
1 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
The problem states that the passage describes a 'creative society' in which oppressed groups become politically mobilised and demand their rights, and it gives examples of such social movements. This means that the manifestations of social movement must match what these movements are shown to seek, such as rights, autonomy, self-determination and dignity for oppressed groups. We will check each of the four statements against the passage and keep only those it supports.
Recall what the passage says about social movements: Oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. Examples include peasant and tribal upsurges, movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, environmental movements and women's movements. These are described as movements for social transformation.
Examine statement 1 (Aggressiveness and being incendiary): The passage does not describe the movements as aggressive or inflammatory. It only says their forms and intensity may vary, which does not mean they are incendiary. Statement 1 is not supported.
Examine statement 2 (Instigation by external forces): The passage presents these movements as arising from contradictions within society itself, when oppressed groups demand their rights. It says nothing about outside forces stirring them up. Statement 2 is not supported.
Examine statement 3 (Quest for social equality and individual freedom): Oppressed groups demanding their rights, and movements for autonomy and self-determination, reflect a search for equality and freedom. Statement 3 is supported.
Examine statement 4 (Privilege and self-respect for disparaged sections): Peasants, tribals and women's groups seeking their rights are oppressed sections of society asking for dignity and recognition. Statement 4 is supported.
Combine the results: Statements 3 and 4 are manifestations of social movement according to the passage; statements 1 and 2 are not.
Correct Option: C) 3 and 4 only — The passage shows social movements as oppressed groups demanding their rights, autonomy and self-determination, which reflects a quest for equality and freedom and an urge for dignity for disparaged sections.
The problem states that the passage defines a 'creative society' as a phase in which many potential contradictions become articulate and active, and that the presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres signals its emergence. This means that we must check whether contradictions and a variety of social movements are presented as necessary features of a creative society. We will test each statement against the passage's definition and its concluding line.
Recall the definition of a creative society: It is a phase of development in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active, most clearly when oppressed groups mobilise and demand their rights.
Examine statement 1 (Variety of social movements):
Examine statement 2 (Potential contradictions and conflicts):
Combine the results: Both statements follow from the passage's definition and its concluding line.
Correct Option: C) Both 1 and 2 — The passage defines a creative society by its potential contradictions becoming active, and identifies it by the presence of social movements in various spheres, so both statements are correct.
The question asks where the character slept on the first night mentioned in the passage. To answer this, we need to carefully read the passage and identify the specific sentence that describes his sleeping place.
Correct Option: B) under a pile of dry grass
The passage explicitly states, "As night fell he slept under a haystack lying in a meadow." A haystack is a large pile of dry grass or straw, typically stacked in a field. Therefore, "under a pile of dry grass" accurately describes sleeping under a haystack.
The problem states that the man slept under a haystack after walking several miles, and the passage gives a reason why he soon fell asleep. This means that the correct answer must match the reason stated in the passage, not other feelings he had that night. We will locate the sentence about him falling asleep and compare each option with it.
Locate the relevant sentence: The passage says he soon fell asleep, being much tired with his long walk. This gives the direct reason for his falling asleep.
Interpret the reason: Being "much tired" after a long walk of several miles means he was exhausted.
Check the other feelings mentioned: The passage also says he was frightened, cold, hungry and lonely. However, it introduces his falling asleep with "however", which shows he slept in spite of these feelings, not because of them.
Select the option: Only exhaustion is given as the cause of his sleep.
Correct Option: A) he was exhausted — The passage says he soon fell asleep because he was very tired after his long walk of several miles.
The problem states that the man walked several miles, got only dry bread and water from cottagers and farmers, and slept under a haystack in a meadow. This means that we must check each statement against these details about where he walked and how hungry he was at night. We will test each statement against the passage and keep only those it supports.
Examine statement 1 (Walking through the countryside):
Examine statement 2 (Enough food to sleep without hunger):
Combine the results: Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
Correct Option: A) 1 only — The cottagers, farmers, haystack, meadow and empty fields show he was walking through the countryside, while the passage says he was hungry at night, so statement 2 is wrong.
The question asks to identify the nature of the idea that occurred to the narrator when he was about to close his bag, based on the provided passage. We need to analyze the words and phrases used by the narrator to describe this idea and its consequences.
Correct Option: A) Unpleasant — The narrator explicitly states it was a "horrible idea" and that the thought of forgetting his toothbrush "haunts" him and "makes my life a misery," causing him to wake up "in a cold perspiration." All these words convey an unpleasant feeling.