The question asks for the specific title or epithet by which Aurangzeb was regarded as a "living saint." This requires knowledge of historical terms associated with Mughal emperors, particularly Aurangzeb.
Correct Option: A) Zinda pir — Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, was known for his strict adherence to Islamic principles, simple lifestyle, and ascetic practices. Due to his perceived piety and austere nature, he gained the epithet "Zinda Pir," which translates to "living saint" or "living Sufi master." This title reflected the public's perception of him as a devout and righteous ruler.
The question asks for the term used to describe the secular decrees issued by Aurangzeb. This requires knowledge of Mughal administrative and legal terminology during his reign.
Correct Option: D) Zawabit
The question asks for the name of the compendium of Aurangzeb's decrees. This requires knowledge of historical texts and administrative works from the Mughal period, specifically related to Emperor Aurangzeb.
Correct Option: B) Zawabit-i-Alamgiri is the correct answer. It refers to the collection of administrative regulations and decrees issued by Emperor Aurangzeb (whose regnal title was Alamgir).
The question asks about the religious/cultural origin of the Nauroz festival, which Aurangzeb discontinued. To answer this, one needs to recall historical facts about Aurangzeb's policies and the origins of the Nauroz festival.
C) Zoroastrian — The Nauroz festival originated in ancient Persia and is deeply rooted in Zoroastrian traditions. Aurangzeb discontinued it because he considered it a non-Islamic practice, influenced by its Zoroastrian origins and its celebration by the Safavid rulers of Iran.
The question asks to identify the officials responsible for ensuring people lived according to the 'shara' (Islamic law) during a historical period, likely referring to the Mughal or Delhi Sultanate era in India. This requires knowledge of administrative terms and roles from that period.
A) Muhtasibs — Muhtasibs were officials in Islamic societies, including those in India, whose primary role was to oversee public markets, ensure fair trade practices, and enforce public morality and religious law (sharia). They were essentially market inspectors and censors of public morals, ensuring that people lived in accordance with the shara.
The question asks to identify the practice that Aurangzeb discontinued because he considered it superstitious and against Islam. This requires knowledge of Mughal administrative and religious policies, specifically those implemented by Aurangzeb.
Correct Option: B) Jharoka darshan was the practice of showing himself to the public from the balcony, which Aurangzeb discontinued due to his orthodox religious beliefs, considering it superstitious and against Islam.