The question asks about the execution that marked the end of the last Afghan kingdom in Northern India. This refers to the final phase of Afghan rule before the complete establishment of Mughal authority. We need to identify the Afghan ruler whose defeat or execution led to this outcome.
Correct Option: D) Daud Khan
The question asks to identify the land revenue system from the Mughal period where the average production of different crops and their average prices over the last ten years were calculated to determine the state's share. We need to recall the features of the land revenue systems mentioned in the options.
B) Dahsala is the correct answer. The Dahsala system, introduced by Todar Mal during Akbar's reign, involved calculating the average produce of crops and their average prices over the preceding ten years to fix the land revenue.
The question asks us to identify the correct statements regarding the contemporaneity of Saint Nimbarka with Akbar and the influence of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi on Saint Kabir. We need to recall the historical periods of these personalities.
D) Neither 1 nor 2
The question asks to identify the term for crops like cotton, indigo, oil-seeds, and sugarcane, for which the state demand was typically in cash. This implies that these crops were grown primarily for commercial purposes rather than for direct consumption by the farmers.
A) Cash crops — These are crops grown for commercial value and profit, rather than for direct consumption by the grower. The description in the question, where the state demand was in cash, directly points to the commercial nature of these crops, making "cash crops" the correct terminology.
The question asks to identify the term used for land that was cultivated almost every year during a specific historical period, likely the Mughal era in India, given the options provided. Understanding the land classification system of that time is key to answering this question.
C) Polaj
Polaj was the most fertile land and was cultivated almost every year. It rarely lay fallow, ensuring continuous production and revenue for the state. This classification was crucial for determining the land revenue demand during the Mughal period.
The question asks to identify the term used for uncultivated land during a historical period, likely referring to the Mughal era or similar historical land classification systems in India. We need to recall the specific terminology used for different types of land based on their cultivation status.
During the Mughal period, especially under Akbar's land reforms, land was classified into four categories for revenue purposes:
Therefore, 'Parati' is the correct term for land that remained uncultivated for a short period to regain fertility.