The question asks about the typical working hours in craft units and small workshops compared to factories. This requires knowledge of historical working conditions, particularly during the industrial era or periods where such distinctions were significant.
Correct Option: A) 15 hours. Historical accounts indicate that artisans and workers in small workshops often worked extremely long hours, sometimes exceeding those in factories, to meet demand or earn a living. A 15-hour workday was not uncommon in such settings, especially when self-employed or working on piece-rate.
The question asks for the percentage of women in the factory labour force by 1914. This is a factual recall question related to historical economic and social conditions, specifically concerning the role of women in industrial labour during the early 20th century.
B) 31. Historical data confirms that women made up approximately 31% of the factory labour force by 1914, particularly in industrialized nations like Britain, where they played a crucial role in various industries, albeit often in lower-paid positions.
Statement: Workers united to strike work when they disagreed with employers about dismissals or work conditions.
Question: These strikes took place frequently in the textile industry during _____ and in the metal industry during 1902.
The question asks to identify the years when frequent strikes occurred in the textile industry, given that strikes in the metal industry occurred in 1902. This requires historical knowledge about labor movements and industrial unrest in India.
Correct Option: C) Both a and b
The question asks to identify the social group in the context of the Russian Empire that derived its power and status primarily from service to the Tsar, rather than from local popularity or inherited influence. This points to a system where loyalty and service to the monarch were key to social mobility and power.
A) Nobles — In the Russian Empire, the nobility (boyars, later dvoryanstvo) derived much of their power, land, and official positions from their loyal service to the Tsar. This system was often based on a service hierarchy where rewards and status were granted by the monarch, rather than solely on inherited wealth or local popularity. The Tsar could elevate families or individuals to noble status or grant them significant power and land in exchange for military or administrative service.
The question asks about the legal status of certain entities in Russia before 1914. This requires knowledge of the political and social conditions in pre-revolutionary Russia, specifically under the Tsarist regime.
D) Political parties were largely illegal in Russia before 1914. The autocratic Tsarist regime suppressed organized political opposition, viewing it as a threat to its power. While some concessions were made after the 1905 Revolution, the fundamental right to form and operate political parties freely was not recognized, and many operated underground or in exile.
The question asks for the founding year of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDWP). This is a factual question related to the history of socialism and the Russian Revolution. To answer this, one needs to recall the key dates associated with major political parties in Russia.
Correct Option: B) The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898. This date marks the First Congress of the party in Minsk, where it was formally established by various socialist groups adhering to Marxist principles.