The question asks about the historical designations 'Mahattara' and 'Pattakila' in medieval India. To answer this, one needs knowledge of administrative terminology used during that period.
Correct Option: B) Village headmen
In medieval India, particularly during the early medieval period, 'Mahattara' and 'Pattakila' were significant designations for individuals who held important administrative positions at the village level. 'Mahattara' generally referred to the head of a village or a council of village elders, while 'Pattakila' was another term for a village headman, often responsible for land records and revenue collection. These roles were crucial for local governance and served as intermediaries between the state and the villagers.
The question asks about the components of a lichen, specifically highlighting its role in ecological succession on bare rock. Lichens are known for their symbiotic nature, meaning they are composed of two or more different organisms living together for mutual benefit.
Correct Option: B) algae and fungi
Lichens are a classic example of mutualism between an alga (or cyanobacterium) and a fungus. The alga performs photosynthesis, providing food, while the fungus provides protection, water, and minerals.
If you travel through the Himalayas, you are likely to see which of the following plants naturally growing there?
1. Oak
2. Rhododendron
3. Sandalwood
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
This question tests knowledge about the natural vegetation found in the Himalayan region. We need to identify which of the given plants are native to or commonly found in the Himalayas.
Correct Option: A) 1 and 2 only
Which of the following are some important pollutants released by steel industry in India?
1. Oxides of sulphur
2. Oxides of nitrogen
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Carbon dioxide
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1, 3 and 4 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
The question asks to identify the important pollutants released by the steel industry in India. We need to consider the various processes involved in steel production and the types of emissions typically associated with them.
Considering all these points, all four listed pollutants are indeed important emissions from the steel industry.
D) 1, 2, 3 and 4 — All the mentioned pollutants (oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide) are significant emissions from the steel industry due to the use of carbon-based fuels, high-temperature processes, and chemical reactions involved in iron and steel making.
Which of the following kingdoms were associated with the life of the Buddha?
1. Avantix
2. Gandhara
3. Kosala
4. Magadha
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
The question asks to identify the ancient Indian kingdoms that were associated with the life and teachings of Gautama Buddha. We need to recall the historical context of Buddha's life and the regions he traveled through or had significant interactions with.
C) 3 and 4 only. Kosala and Magadha were the two most prominent kingdoms directly associated with the life and activities of Gautama Buddha. He spent considerable time preaching, traveling, and establishing the Sangha in these regions.
The question asks to identify the communities/tribes that participate in a month-long ecologically important campaign involving planting fruit-bearing tree saplings. This requires knowledge of specific tribal practices related to environmental conservation in India.
Correct Option: B) Gond and Korku. The Gond and Korku tribes, primarily found in central India (Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra), are known for their deep connection to forests and their traditional ecological knowledge. They have historically been involved in various conservation efforts, including planting trees. The "Hariyar Chhattisgarh" campaign, which involves planting fruit-bearing trees, is an example of such initiatives where these communities actively participate.
The question asks about the nature of sales tax on goods like toothpaste in India. To answer this, we need to understand the division of taxation powers between the Central and State Governments in India, particularly concerning sales tax prior to the implementation of GST.
D) The sales tax on purchasing a toothpaste was a tax imposed and collected by the State Government. This aligns with the constitutional division of powers where states had the authority to levy and collect sales tax on goods.
The question asks for the definition of venture capital. We need to identify the option that accurately describes the nature and purpose of venture capital funding.
Correct Option: B) A long-term start-up capital provided to new entrepreneurs
Venture capital is indeed a form of long-term financing provided to new, often high-growth potential, start-up businesses by venture capital firms. These firms invest in exchange for equity, with the expectation of significant returns when the company grows or is acquired.
The question asks for the main objective of India's 12th Five-Year Plan. To answer this, one needs to recall the specific theme and goals set for this particular plan period.
D) faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth — This option perfectly matches the officially stated main objective of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2012-2017).
With reference to Balance of Payments, which of the following constitutes/ constitute the Current Account?
1. Balance of trade
2. Foreign assets
3. Balance of invisibles
4. Special Drawing Rights
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
The question asks to identify the components that constitute the Current Account within the Balance of Payments (BoP). We need to understand the structure of the BoP, specifically distinguishing between the Current Account and the Capital Account.
C) 1 and 3 are the correct components of the Current Account.