The question asks to identify the Delhi Sultan who received a 'Mansur' (letter of investiture) from the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad. This is a historical fact related to the legitimization of the Delhi Sultanate's rule.
Correct Option: C) Iltutmish received the 'Mansur' (letter of investiture) from the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad in 1229 CE, which legitimized his rule and the Delhi Sultanate.
The question asks to identify the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. This requires knowledge of prominent historical figures associated with the Delhi Sultanate period in Indian history.
Raziyya Sultan (also known as Razia Sultana) was the daughter of Sultan Iltutmish of the Mamluk dynasty. She ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1236 to 1240. She was a capable ruler who defied gender norms of her time to govern effectively, making her a unique figure in the history of the Delhi Sultanate.
Correct Option: D) Raziyya Sultan
The question asks to identify the contemporary chronicler who wrote about Raziyya Sultan. This requires knowledge of medieval Indian historians and their respective periods and subjects of writing.
C) Minhaj-i-Siraj — Minhaj-i-Siraj was a Persian historian and chronicler who lived during the 13th century. He served as the chief Qazi of Delhi under Raziyya Sultan and her successors. His monumental work, Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, is a comprehensive history of the Islamic world, with a significant portion dedicated to the Delhi Sultanate, including detailed accounts of Raziyya Sultan's reign. He was a contemporary of Raziyya and provided first-hand or near first-hand accounts of her rule, making him the most relevant chronicler for this question.
The question asks about the location where Raziyya Sultan, the only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, was killed. To answer this, we need to recall the historical events surrounding her downfall.
Correct Option: D) Raziyya Sultan was killed in a battle near Kaithal in 1240, after her attempt to reclaim the throne of Delhi failed.
The question asks about the founder of the 'Chahalgani' or 'Turkan-i-Chahalgani', a group of forty Turkish nobles. This is a direct historical fact related to the Delhi Sultanate period.
Correct Option: C) Iltutmish is widely credited with establishing the 'Chahalgani' or 'Turkan-i-Chahalgani'. He created this group of forty loyal Turkish nobles to strengthen his position and manage the vast territories of the Delhi Sultanate.
The question asks about the Delhi Sultan who dismantled the power of the 'Chahalgani' or 'The Forty'. This group of Turkish nobles played a significant role in the Delhi Sultanate's politics, especially after Iltutmish. Identifying the Sultan who actively sought to curb their influence is key.
Correct Option: A) Ghiyasuddin Balban