The question asks for the scientific (botanical) name of the Arabica coffee variety. This requires knowledge of the common scientific classifications of major coffee species.
D) Coffea arabica — This is the correct scientific name for the Arabica coffee variety. Coffea arabica is one of the most widely cultivated and economically important species of coffee, known for its superior flavor and aroma.
The question asks for the scientific (botanical) name of the Robusta coffee variety. This requires knowledge of the common botanical classifications of major coffee species.
Robusta coffee is scientifically known as Coffea canephora. It is the second most popular coffee species after Arabica, known for its strong flavor and higher caffeine content.
C) Coffea canephora is the correct botanical name for the Robusta coffee variety. It accounts for about 30-40% of the world's coffee production.
The question asks to identify the coffee species that constitutes the majority of global coffee production. This requires knowledge of the major coffee species and their respective market shares.
Correct Option: D) Arabica
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is the most popular and widely cultivated species, accounting for approximately 60-70% of the world's coffee production. It is known for its complex flavor profile, aromatic qualities, and lower caffeine content compared to Robusta. It is typically grown in high-altitude regions.
The question asks to identify the coffee variety that is native to the highlands of Ethiopia. This requires knowledge of the origins of major coffee species.
Correct Option: C) Arabica
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is indeed native to the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia. It is the most popular type of coffee worldwide, accounting for about 60% of global production, and is known for its delicate flavor and aromatic qualities. The Oromo people of Ethiopia are believed to have been the first to discover the energizing effects of the coffee plant.
The question asks to identify the coffee species native to central and western sub-Saharan Africa. This requires knowledge of the geographical origins of major coffee species.
Correct Option: D) Robusta is native to central and western sub-Saharan Africa, including countries like Liberia and Uganda. It is the second most popular coffee species globally after Arabica.
This question asks about the chromosome number of the Arabica coffee plant. This is a specific biological fact related to plant genetics and ploidy levels. To answer this, one needs to recall the characteristic chromosome number and ploidy of Coffea arabica.
D) 44 (tetraploid) — Coffea arabica is an allotetraploid species, meaning it has four sets of chromosomes. With a basic chromosome number (\(x\)) of 11, its diploid number is \(4x = 4 \times 11 = 44\).