The question asks to identify the famous declaration associated with Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent Extremist leader during the Indian independence movement. This requires knowledge of key slogans and their originators in Indian history.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak is famously known for the declaration, "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it." He made this statement during the Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress in 1916, emphasizing the demand for self-rule (Swaraj) as an inherent right of Indians.
C) 'Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it' — This statement is famously attributed to Bal Gangadhar Tilak, reflecting his strong advocacy for complete self-rule (Swaraj) and his assertive nationalist stance.
The question asks to identify another public festival, besides Ganesh Chaturthi, that Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to popularise nationalist sentiment among the masses. This requires knowledge of Tilak's strategies for political mobilisation during the Indian freedom struggle.
Correct Option: A) Shivaji Festival, commemorating the Maratha ruler
Bal Gangadhar Tilak indeed organised the Shivaji Festival in 1896, in addition to the Ganesh Chaturthi festival, to foster nationalist sentiment and unity among the masses. This festival celebrated the legacy of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, a symbol of Maratha pride and resistance against foreign rule, thereby inspiring anti-British feelings.
The question asks for the primary trigger of the Swadeshi Movement. To answer this, we need to recall the historical context and the specific events that led to the movement's inception.
B) Partition of Bengal, 1905 — The Swadeshi Movement was a direct response to the British government's decision to partition Bengal in 1905. This act was seen by Indian nationalists as a deliberate attempt to divide the Bengali people along communal lines and weaken the nationalist movement. The movement aimed to exert economic pressure on the British and promote self-reliance.
The question asks to identify the leader associated with the establishment of institutions like the Bengal National College, which was a key part of the 'National Education' initiative during the Swadeshi Movement. This requires knowledge of prominent figures and their roles in the Swadeshi Movement, particularly in the education sector.
Correct Option: D) Aurobindo Ghosh
The question asks about the city to which the capital of British India was shifted in 1911, following the annulment of the Partition of Bengal. This is a direct historical fact related to major administrative decisions made by the British Raj.
B) Delhi — In 1911, at the Delhi Durbar, King George V announced the annulment of the Partition of Bengal and the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.
The question asks to identify the specific strand of Indian nationalism that advocated direct, often armed, resistance against British rule, distinct from the constitutional and mass movements led by the Congress.
C) Revolutionary movement
The Revolutionary movement in India comprised various groups and individuals who believed that only through direct action, including armed struggle, assassinations, and bombings, could British rule be overthrown. This approach was distinct from the Indian National Congress's constitutional methods (Moderates) and later non-violent mass movements (Gandhi's era). Prominent figures and groups included Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Surya Sen, the Anushilan Samiti, and the Ghadar Party.