To convert an octal number to a decimal number, we use the positional notation system. Each digit in an octal number is multiplied by a power of 8, corresponding to its position, and then these products are summed up.
B) 10 is the correct decimal equivalent of the octal number 12.
The question asks about the conditions under which a NOR gate produces a HIGH output. To answer this, we need to recall the truth table or the fundamental operation of a NOR gate.
| Input A | Input B | Output Y |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
Correct Option: D) The output of a NOR gate is HIGH if all inputs are low.
The question asks to identify a circuit that combines an amplifier with passive filter elements. We need to understand the basic definitions and functionalities of the given options to determine the correct answer.
C) active filter — An active filter is a circuit that uses an amplifier (an active component) along with passive filter elements (resistors, capacitors) to perform frequency-dependent signal processing. The amplifier provides gain and can improve the filter's performance.
The question asks about the region formed due to ionization within a P-N junction. This phenomenon is fundamental to the operation of semiconductor diodes.
B) depletion region — As explained above, the region formed due to the diffusion of charge carriers and the presence of immobile ions on both sides of the P-N junction is known as the depletion region. It is depleted of free charge carriers.
The question asks about the type of fracture that results in a "cup-and-cone" shape. This specific fracture pattern is characteristic of ductile materials undergoing tensile stress. We need to identify which of the given options represents a ductile material.
Correct Option: B) Round specimen of ductile metals
The question asks what the liquid limit of a soil indicates. The liquid limit is a fundamental property in soil mechanics, particularly for fine-grained soils, and is one of the Atterberg limits. It defines the boundary between the liquid and plastic states of soil. Understanding what this limit represents helps in characterizing soil behavior.
A) Compressibility. The liquid limit is a direct indicator of the compressibility of fine-grained soils. Soils with a high liquid limit are generally more compressible because they can hold a large amount of water and have a loose structure when wet.
The question asks to identify which permissible stress for a steel member is independent of the yield stress. Permissible stresses are generally derived from the yield stress or ultimate tensile stress of the material, divided by a factor of safety. We need to examine each option to see if its calculation or definition directly involves the yield stress.
D) Stress in slab base. While the slab base itself is a steel member, its design is critically influenced by the permissible bearing pressure on the concrete foundation, which is an external factor and not directly dependent on the yield stress of the steel slab base material itself. The permissible bearing stress on concrete is typically given by \(0.45 f_{ck}\) (where \(f_{ck}\) is the characteristic compressive strength of concrete), which is independent of the steel's yield stress.
The phenomenon of capillary action (rise or depression) depends on the balance between cohesive forces (between liquid molecules) and adhesive forces (between liquid molecules and the solid surface). We need to determine which force dominates in the case of mercury and glass to explain capillary depression.
C) Cohesion being greater than the adhesion. This is the fundamental reason for capillary depression in mercury. The strong attractive forces between mercury molecules (cohesion) are much stronger than the attractive forces between mercury and glass molecules (adhesion), causing the mercury to pull away from the glass surface and form a convex meniscus, leading to depression.
The question asks for the definition of "ranging" in the context of surveying. Ranging is a fundamental step in chain surveying, ensuring that measurements are taken along a straight line.
Correct Option: B) Aligning the chain in a straight line between two extremities