The question asks about the discovery of positively charged particles resulting from an electrical discharge in a modified cathode ray tube. This refers to a historical experiment that led to the identification of a specific type of ray.
C) Canal rays — Electrical discharge in a modified cathode ray tube (with a perforated cathode) led to the discovery of these positively charged rays, also known as anode rays or positive rays. E. Goldstein is credited with their discovery.
The question asks to identify the smallest and lightest positive ion obtained from hydrogen. This requires knowledge of atomic structure, particularly of hydrogen, and the nature of ions.
Correct Option: D) Proton
The question asks to identify the subatomic particle that is electrically neutral and has a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. We need to recall the properties of common subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Correct Option: B) Neutrons
Neutrons are subatomic particles with no electrical charge (they are neutral) and their mass is indeed slightly greater than that of protons. Specifically, a neutron's mass is about \(1.00866 \text{ amu}\) (atomic mass units) while a proton's mass is about \(1.00727 \text{ amu}\).
This question tests fundamental knowledge about the discovery of subatomic particles. Recall the scientists associated with the discovery of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
Correct Option: A) Chadwick is credited with the discovery of the neutron in 1932.
This question asks about the discovery of neutrons by James Chadwick. The key to answering this is recalling the experimental setup and the type of particles used to bombard beryllium.
C) \(\alpha\)-particles — James Chadwick discovered neutrons by bombarding a thin sheet of beryllium with alpha particles.
The question asks for the relative charge of a proton. To answer this, we need to recall the fundamental properties of subatomic particles, specifically their charge relative to the elementary charge.
Correct Option: B) 1
A proton carries a positive charge equal in magnitude to the elementary charge. When we talk about relative charge, we use the elementary charge as the unit. Therefore, a proton's relative charge is \(+1\).