What is the order of increasing predominance of intermolecular interactions?
Solid->Liquid->Gas
Gas->Liquid->Solid
Gas->Solid->Liquid
Liquid->Gas->Solid
The strength of intermolecular interactions determines the physical state of matter. We need to recall the characteristics of gases, liquids, and solids in terms of how closely their particles are packed and how strongly they interact with each other.
Correct Option: B) Gas->Liquid->Solid
The question asks about the order of predominance of thermal energy in different states of matter. Thermal energy is related to the kinetic energy of the particles within a substance. We need to compare the average kinetic energy of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.
D) Gas<-Liquid<-Solid — This option correctly represents the order of predominance of thermal energy, where the arrow points from a state with less thermal energy to a state with more thermal energy. So, Solid has the least, Liquid has more than Solid, and Gas has the most. This can also be read as Gas > Liquid > Solid.
Revisiting the interpretation of arrows: The arrow usually points from the smaller quantity to the larger quantity when representing an increasing order. So, \(A \leftarrow B\) means \(A\) is less than \(B\). Therefore, Solid \(\leftarrow\) Liquid \(\leftarrow\) Gas means Solid < Liquid < Gas. Option D is Gas \(\leftarrow\) Liquid \(\leftarrow\) Solid. This means Solid < Liquid < Gas. Both A and D represent the same relationship. However, in competitive exams, sometimes the exact phrasing and direction of arrows are critical. Let's assume the arrows indicate "less than" or "precedes in increasing order".
Let's re-evaluate the options based on the common understanding that the arrow points from the smaller quantity to the larger quantity:
There seems to be an ambiguity if both A and D represent the same increasing order. However, typically, when an order is given with arrows, it implies a sequence. If the question asks for "predominance", it often implies listing from highest to lowest. But the arrows contradict that. Let's assume the provided correct answer D is indeed correct and try to understand why it might be preferred over A.
If the arrows mean "is less than", then both A and D convey Solid < Liquid < Gas. If the question intends to ask for the order of predominance (highest to lowest), it would be Gas > Liquid > Solid. None of the options perfectly represent this with the given arrow notation. However, if we read D as "Gas is predominant, then Liquid, then Solid", and the arrows are just separators, it's still ambiguous. Let's stick to the interpretation that the arrow points from less to more.
Solid < Liquid < Gas is the correct order of increasing thermal energy. Both A and D represent this. Let's assume there's a subtle difference in how the options are presented or a common convention in the exam context. If the question means "What has the least thermal energy, then more, then most?", then Solid < Liquid < Gas. Both A and D convey this. If the intended answer is D, it might be because it lists the states from right to left in increasing order, or there's a specific convention for this type of arrow usage. Given the options, and assuming the arrows mean "less than", both A and D represent the same correct relationship. However, if we consider the phrasing "order of predominance", and if the arrows indicate the direction of increasing predominance, then D: Solid (least) \(\rightarrow\) Liquid \(\rightarrow\) Gas (most) would be written as Solid \(\rightarrow\) Liquid \(\rightarrow\) Gas. The given arrows are \(\leftarrow\). So, Gas \(\leftarrow\) Liquid \(\leftarrow\) Solid means Solid < Liquid < Gas. This is the correct order of increasing thermal energy.
Let's assume the question implicitly asks for the order from least to most thermal energy, and the arrows indicate "less than".
So, the order of increasing thermal energy is Solid < Liquid < Gas.
Option D: Gas \(\leftarrow\) Liquid \(\leftarrow\) Solid. If we read this from right to left: Solid \(\rightarrow\) Liquid \(\rightarrow\) Gas. This means Solid < Liquid < Gas. This is the correct order.
Option A: Solid \(\leftarrow\) Liquid \(\leftarrow\) Gas. This also means Solid < Liquid < Gas.
There might be an error in the question or options if both A and D represent the same correct order. However, in competitive exams, sometimes one format is preferred. Assuming D is the intended correct answer, it correctly represents the increasing order of thermal energy from right to left (Solid < Liquid < Gas).
The question asks to identify the lowermost layer of Earth's atmosphere. To answer this, one needs to recall the different layers of the atmosphere and their order from the Earth's surface upwards.
Correct Option: C) Troposphere
The question asks to identify the correct properties of the gaseous state from the given options. We need to evaluate each statement (a, b, c, d) based on the known characteristics of gases.
Since all statements (a, b, c, and d) are correct properties of gases, the option that includes all of them is the correct answer.
A) All a,b,c,d — All the listed statements accurately describe the properties of gases. Gases are highly compressible, exert pressure equally in all directions, have much lower density than solids and liquids, and mix evenly and completely in all proportions.
The question asks about the relationship between pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, as described by Boyle's Law. This is a fundamental concept in gas laws.
Correct Option: B) Inversely — Boyle's Law explicitly states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature for a fixed amount of gas. This means if pressure increases, volume decreases, and if pressure decreases, volume increases.
The question asks for the alternative name for the Kelvin scale of temperature, which is widely used in scientific work. This requires knowledge of fundamental thermodynamic concepts and temperature scales.
Correct Option: D) The Kelvin scale is also known as the Thermodynamic scale of temperature because it is an absolute scale based on fundamental thermodynamic principles, particularly absolute zero, and is independent of the properties of any specific thermometric substance. This makes it ideal for scientific work.