The question asks to identify the type of crops sown at the beginning of the monsoon season (June-July) and harvested in autumn. This requires knowledge of India's cropping seasons.
C) Kharif crops — Kharif crops are indeed sown at the beginning of the monsoon season (June-July) and harvested in autumn (September-October). This perfectly matches the description given in the question.
The question asks to identify a typical Kharif crop from the given options. Kharif crops are cultivated during the monsoon season in India, generally sown in June-July and harvested in September-October. We need to classify each option based on its growing season.
Based on this classification, Rice (Paddy) is the correct answer as it fits the description of a Kharif crop.
Correct Option: A) Rice (Paddy) is a typical Kharif crop. It is sown during the monsoon season (June-July) and harvested in September-October. It requires high rainfall and high temperatures for its growth.
The question asks to identify the type of crops based on their sowing and harvesting seasons. Understanding the different cropping seasons in India is key to answering this question.
Correct Option: C) Rabi crops are sown in winter (October-November) and harvested in spring (March-April). Examples include wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard.
The question asks to identify a typical Rabi crop from the given options. To answer this, one needs to understand the classification of crops in India based on their growing seasons: Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid.
Correct Option: B) Wheat is a prime example of a Rabi crop in India. It is sown in the winter season (October-December) and harvested in the spring season (April-June).
The question asks to identify the term for the significant increase in India's agricultural productivity during the 1960s, driven by specific technological advancements. We need to recall the historical economic and agricultural movements in India to select the correct option.
Correct Option: A) The Green Revolution
The question asks to identify the agricultural scientist widely recognized as the principal architect of India's Green Revolution. This requires knowledge of key figures associated with significant historical movements in Indian agriculture.
The Green Revolution in India was a period when agricultural productivity increased due to the adoption of new technologies, including high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of wheat and rice, improved irrigation facilities, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. M. S. Swaminathan played a pivotal role in developing and introducing these HYVs suitable for Indian conditions and in formulating policies that led to the success of the Green Revolution in India.
D) M. S. Swaminathan — M. S. Swaminathan (Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan) is globally recognized as the "Father of Economic Ecology" and is widely regarded as the principal architect of the Green Revolution in India. His work involved developing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice and advocating for their widespread adoption, which significantly increased food production in the country during the 1960s and 1970s, preventing famine and ensuring food security.