The question asks to identify the 'Father of Genetics'. This requires knowledge of the key figures in the history of genetics and their primary contributions.
B) Gregor Johann Mendel — Gregor Mendel, through his meticulous experiments on pea plants in the mid-19th century, discovered the fundamental laws of heredity. These laws, including the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment, explained how traits are passed from one generation to the next. His work, though initially overlooked, was rediscovered in 1900 and formed the basis of modern genetics, earning him the title 'Father of Genetics'.
The question asks to identify the plant on which Gregor Mendel conducted his foundational experiments in genetics. This requires recalling basic knowledge about Mendel's work.
C) Pisum sativum (Garden Pea). Mendel conducted his classic experiments on the garden pea, Pisum sativum, which allowed him to discover the basic principles of heredity.
The question asks about the number of contrasting characters Mendel studied in his experiments with garden peas. This is a factual recall question related to the foundational work of genetics.
Correct Option: C) Seven. Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting characters in the garden pea plant.
The question asks to identify the scientist who was NOT among the three who independently rediscovered Mendel's laws of heredity in 1900. This requires knowledge of the history of genetics and the key figures involved in the rediscovery of Mendel's work.
Correct Option: D) Thomas Hunt Morgan was a prominent American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, and embryologist who made significant contributions to genetics through his work on the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). His work, particularly on linkage and crossing over, came later in the early 20th century, after the rediscovery of Mendel's laws. He was not one of the three scientists who rediscovered Mendel's work in 1900.
The question asks for the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a typical Mendelian monohybrid cross. This involves understanding Mendel's laws of inheritance, specifically the Law of Segregation and the concept of dominance and recessiveness.
| T | t | |
|---|---|---|
| T | TT | Tt |
| t | Tt | tt |
C) 3 : 1 is the phenotypic ratio obtained in the F2 generation of a typical Mendelian monohybrid cross.
The question asks for the genotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (Tt x Tt). This can be determined using a Punnett square to visualize all possible genetic combinations.
| T | t | |
|---|---|---|
| T | TT | Tt |
| t | Tt | tt |
D) The genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross (Tt x Tt) in the F2 generation is \(1 : 2 : 1\), representing the proportions of homozygous dominant (TT), heterozygous (Tt), and homozygous recessive (tt) genotypes, respectively.