The question asks for the biological process that encompasses taking in food and using it for growth, energy, and repair. We need to identify the term that broadly defines this entire sequence of events.
D) Nutrition is the comprehensive process by which an organism obtains food and utilizes it for various life processes such as growth, energy production, and repair of worn-out tissues. It encompasses all the activities mentioned in the question.
The question asks to identify the term for nutrients required by the body in relatively large amounts, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This is a direct knowledge-based question related to human nutrition.
Correct Option: A) Macronutrients — Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are indeed required in large quantities by the body for energy, growth, and repair, and are thus classified as macronutrients.
The question asks about the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body. We need to evaluate each option based on the known roles of different macronutrients.
Correct Option: B) Provide the main source of energy
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is then used by cells to produce ATP through cellular respiration. This ATP powers almost all cellular activities, making carbohydrates the body's most readily available and primary source of energy.
The question asks to identify the nutrient primarily responsible for the growth and repair of body tissues, often referred to as the 'body-building' nutrient. This requires knowledge of the primary functions of macronutrients and micronutrients in the human body.
Correct Option: C) Protein is primarily responsible for the growth and repair of body tissues. It is composed of amino acids, which are the building blocks for muscles, skin, hair, and other body parts. Proteins are crucial for structural integrity and various metabolic processes, making them the 'body-building' nutrient.
The question asks about the primary functions of fats in the human diet. To answer this, we need to recall the main roles that fats play in the body's metabolism and physiological processes.
Considering these functions, we evaluate the given options.
A) Provide a concentrated, long-term store of energy and help insulate the body
This option accurately describes two primary and crucial functions of fats in the diet. Fats are indeed the most concentrated source of energy, providing approximately \(9 \text{ kcal/g}\) compared to \(4 \text{ kcal/g}\) for carbohydrates and proteins. They serve as the body's main long-term energy reserve. Additionally, the subcutaneous fat layer provides thermal insulation, helping to regulate body temperature.
The question asks about the primary importance of roughage (dietary fibre) in the human diet, despite it not being digested or absorbed. We need to evaluate each option based on the known functions of dietary fibre.
Correct Option: D) Adds bulk to food and helps in the smooth movement of waste through the intestine, preventing constipation