The question asks to identify the most destructive type of seismic waves. We need to understand the characteristics and effects of different seismic waves (P-waves, S-waves, and Surface waves) to determine which causes the most damage.
C) Surface waves — Surface waves, including Love and Rayleigh waves, are the slowest but have the largest amplitude and longest duration, causing the most significant ground motion and structural damage during an earthquake. They are responsible for the majority of destruction.
The question asks for alternative names for P-waves. P-waves are a type of seismic wave, and understanding their characteristics helps in identifying their various designations.
Correct Option: D) All of the above
The question asks to identify the correctly matched pair regarding surface waves, specifically Love waves and Rayleigh waves. Understanding the characteristic particle motion for each type of surface wave is key to answering this question.
C) Love waves – move particles horizontally perpendicular to wave direction. This statement correctly describes the characteristic particle motion of Love waves.
The question asks for the instrument used to record seismic waves. We need to identify the correct scientific instrument from the given options.
Correct Option: C) Seismograph or Seismometer — A seismograph (or seismometer) is an instrument used to detect and record ground motion, specifically seismic waves generated by earthquakes or other sources. It measures the amplitude and frequency of these waves, providing crucial data for seismologists to study earthquakes and the Earth's interior.
The question asks what the Richter Scale measures. We need to identify the specific characteristic of an earthquake that this scale quantifies.
Correct Option: B) Magnitude of an earthquake
The question asks about what the Mercalli Scale measures. To answer this, we need to understand the fundamental difference between various earthquake measurement scales, specifically the Mercalli Scale and the Richter Scale.
Correct Option: C) Intensity of an earthquake at a particular location