The question asks to identify the 'Father of Cell Biology'. This requires knowledge of key historical figures in the field of cell biology and their specific contributions.
Correct Option: B) George Palade is widely recognized as the 'Father of Cell Biology' for his pioneering work in using the electron microscope to reveal the detailed structure of organelles within cells. His research, particularly on the ribosome and the secretory pathway, laid the groundwork for modern cell biology. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 for these discoveries.
The question asks to identify the scientist who first observed and named 'cells' in 1665. This is a direct factual recall question from the history of biology, specifically cell biology.
Correct Option: A) Robert Hooke
The question asks to identify the scientists who formally proposed the Cell Theory. This requires knowledge of the history of biology and the key figures associated with this fundamental concept.
Correct Option: B) Schleiden and Schwann are the scientists who formally proposed the Cell Theory, laying the groundwork for modern biology.
The question asks to identify the statement that is NOT a part of the modern Cell Theory. To answer this, we need to recall the main tenets of the modern Cell Theory and compare them with the given options.
Correct Option: A) All cells have identical DNA. This statement is incorrect because while cells within an individual organism generally contain the same DNA, different species have different DNA. Furthermore, even within a single organism, different cell types express different genes, leading to functional specialization, even if their genomic DNA is largely the same. The Cell Theory does not claim DNA identity across all cells.
The question asks for the approximate diameter range of a typical eukaryotic cell. To answer this, we need to recall the general size characteristics of different types of cells and cellular components.
Correct Option: D) 10–100 \(\mu\text{m}\)
A typical eukaryotic cell, such as an animal cell or a plant cell, generally falls within the diameter range of 10 to 100 micrometers (\(\mu\text{m}\)). This size allows for the complexity of organelles and cellular functions while maintaining an efficient surface area to volume ratio.
The question asks to identify the organelle known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'. This is a fundamental concept in cell biology, referring to the organelle responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as a source of chemical energy.
C) Mitochondria
Mitochondria are often referred to as the 'powerhouses of the cell' because they are the sites of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, glucose and other fuel molecules are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy currency of the cell. This process provides the energy necessary for various cellular activities, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and synthesis of macromolecules.