The question asks to identify which option is NOT a constituent of food. Food constituents are substances that provide nutrition and energy to the body. We need to evaluate each option to determine if it is a nutrient found in food or a substance produced by the body.
Based on this analysis, Haemoglobin is the only option that is not a constituent of food.
C) Haemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for oxygen transport. It is synthesized within the body and is not a nutrient that we consume directly as part of our diet. While its building blocks (like iron and amino acids) come from food, haemoglobin itself is a biological molecule produced by the body.
The question asks about the number of essential components that constitute a balanced diet. A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health, growth, and proper body function. It includes various nutrients in appropriate proportions.
Counting these, we find there are seven essential components.
C) Seven. A balanced diet consists of seven essential components: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber (roughage).
The question asks to identify the group of nutrients classified as 'macronutrients'. Macronutrients are essential dietary components that the body needs in relatively large quantities to provide energy, support growth, and maintain bodily functions.
D) Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are correctly identified as macronutrients because they are required in large quantities by the body and provide energy.
The question asks to identify the components of food that are referred to as 'micronutrients' or 'protective principles'. This requires knowledge of the different classes of nutrients and their primary functions in the human body.
Correct Option: C) Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients that protect the body from various diseases and ensure proper physiological functioning, hence also known as 'protective principles'.
The question asks about the primary composition of roughage (dietary fibre). We need to identify the main carbohydrate component that constitutes dietary fibre and is largely indigestible by human enzymes.
Correct Option: C) Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that forms the cell walls of plants and is largely indigestible by human digestive enzymes, making it the primary component of dietary fibre or roughage.
The question asks to identify the nutrient that provides the maximum energy per gram. This is a fundamental concept in nutrition, where different macronutrients (fats, proteins, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins) are known to yield varying amounts of energy when metabolized by the body. The energy content is typically measured in kilocalories per gram (kcal/g).
B) Fats (9 kcal/g). Fats are the most concentrated source of energy among all nutrients, providing approximately \(9 \text{ kcal}\) per gram. This high energy density makes them efficient for energy storage in the body.