The question asks to identify the carbohydrate responsible for providing structural support to plant cell walls. This requires knowledge of the different types of carbohydrates and their primary functions in biological systems.
Correct Option: A) Cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls, providing structural support and rigidity to plants. It is a long chain of glucose units linked together, forming strong fibers.
The question asks about the products formed when sucrose undergoes hydrolysis. Sucrose is a disaccharide, meaning it is composed of two monosaccharide units joined together. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound.
B) Glucose + Fructose — Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of one unit of \(\alpha\)-D-glucose and one unit of \(\beta\)-D-fructose. Upon hydrolysis, the glycosidic bond between them breaks, yielding these two monosaccharides.
This question asks about the primary function of glucose in the human body. To answer this, we need to recall the basic metabolic roles of glucose.
Correct Option: A) Energy production (cellular respiration)
The question asks to identify the specific test used to detect the presence of starch in food. We need to recall the common biochemical tests for various food components.
Correct Option: D) Iodine test (turns blue-black)
The question asks for the animal equivalent of starch. Starch is a complex carbohydrate that serves as a primary energy storage molecule in plants. We need to identify the carbohydrate that performs a similar energy storage function in animals.
D) Glycogen — Glycogen is a polysaccharide that functions as the primary energy storage in animals and fungi. It is structurally similar to amylopectin (a component of starch) but is more extensively branched. When an animal needs energy, glycogen can be rapidly broken down into glucose.
To identify a reducing sugar, we need to understand its chemical definition. A reducing sugar is a carbohydrate that possesses a free aldehyde or a free ketone group that can isomerize to an aldehyde group. This functional group allows the sugar to act as a reducing agent, for example, in the Benedict's test or Tollens' test. We will examine each option based on this definition.
Correct Option: A) Glucose is a monosaccharide with a free aldehyde group, making it a reducing sugar.