The question asks to identify the Afghan ruler who defeated Humayun and temporarily seized control of the Mughal Empire. This requires knowledge of the early Mughal period and the key adversaries of Humayun.
A) Sher Shah Suri — Sher Shah Suri was the Afghan ruler who defeated Humayun in the Battles of Chausa and Kannauj, forcing him into exile and establishing the Sur Empire.
The question asks for the year in which Humayun suffered a second decisive defeat against Sher Shah Suri, specifically at the Battle of Kannauj (also known as Bilgram), following his defeat at the Battle of Chausa in 1539. This requires knowledge of key historical battles and their dates during the Mughal period in India.
Correct Option: A) The Battle of Kannauj (Bilgram) was fought in 1540. This battle was a decisive victory for Sher Shah Suri, leading to Humayun's expulsion from India and the establishment of the Sur Empire.
The question asks about Humayun's place of refuge after his defeat by Sher Shah Suri. This is a direct historical fact related to the early Mughal period in India. Recalling the key events of Humayun's exile will lead to the correct answer.
Correct Option: B) The Safavid ruler of Persia (Iran)
After his defeat by Sher Shah Suri, Humayun spent about 15 years in exile. During this period, he found crucial refuge and military assistance at the court of Shah Tahmasp I, the Safavid ruler of Persia. This alliance was instrumental in his eventual return and reconquest of India.
The question asks for the year Humayun recaptured Delhi and restored Mughal rule with Persian assistance. This requires knowledge of the timeline of Humayun's reign, his exile, and his eventual return to India.
Correct Option: D) 1555 — Humayun recaptured Delhi and re-established Mughal rule in India in 1555, after his return from exile with Persian military assistance.
The question asks for the specific building in Delhi where Mughal Emperor Humayun suffered a fatal fall. This requires knowledge of historical facts related to Humayun's death.
Correct Option: C) Sher Mandal — Humayun died in 1556 after falling down the stairs of his library, which was housed in the Sher Mandal building within the Purana Qila complex in Delhi. This building was originally constructed by Sher Shah Suri.
The question asks about the patron of Humayun's Tomb, a significant early Mughal architectural work. To answer this, we need to recall the historical figures associated with its construction.
Correct Option: B) Bega Begum (Haji Begum) is correctly identified as the commissioner of Humayun's Tomb. She initiated the construction of the tomb for her deceased husband, Emperor Humayun.