The question asks to identify the smallest and lightest positive ion obtained from hydrogen. This requires knowledge of atomic structure and the properties of subatomic particles, specifically those related to hydrogen.
D) Proton β As explained above, when a hydrogen atom loses its electron, it forms a positive ion that is essentially just a proton. The proton is the smallest and lightest positively charged particle.
The question asks to identify a subatomic particle that is electrically neutral and has a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. We need to recall the properties of common subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
B) Neutrons are electrically neutral particles with a mass slightly greater than that of protons. Specifically, the mass of a neutron is approximately \(1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}\), while the mass of a proton is approximately \(1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}\).
The question asks to identify the scientist credited with the discovery of neutrons. This is a direct recall question from the history of atomic structure and particle physics.
Based on this, James Chadwick is the correct answer.
A) Chadwick β James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, providing the missing piece to the atomic nucleus model.
The question asks about the method James Chadwick used to discover neutrons. This is a direct recall question related to a significant event in the history of atomic physics. The discovery involved bombarding a specific element with a particular type of particle.
Therefore, neutrons were discovered by Chadwick by bombarding a thin sheet of beryllium with alpha particles.
C) Ξ±-particles β Chadwick used alpha particles (helium nuclei) to bombard a beryllium target, which led to the emission of neutrons.
What is the relative charge of a proton?
The question asks for the relative charge of a proton. To answer this, one needs to recall the fundamental properties of subatomic particles, specifically their charge relative to the elementary charge.
Correct Option: B) +1
A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom. It carries a positive elementary charge, which is conventionally represented as +1 in relative terms. Its actual charge is approximately \(+1.602 \times 10^{-19}\) Coulombs.
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
The question asks for the relative charge of a neutron. To answer this, we need to recall the fundamental properties of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons, specifically their charges.
D) 0. Neutrons are fundamental particles found in the nucleus of an atom and are electrically neutral, meaning they have no charge. Therefore, their relative charge is 0.