The question asks about the relative mobility of electrons and holes in a semiconductor. Mobility is a measure of how easily charge carriers move through a material under an electric field. We need to consider the fundamental differences in how electrons and holes move.
A) Higher than that of holes. This is correct because electrons have a smaller effective mass and a more direct transport mechanism compared to holes, leading to greater ease of movement under an electric field.
The question asks to identify an indirect method of charging an object. We need to understand the fundamental differences between direct and indirect charging methods.
A) Charging by induction — This is an indirect method of charging. In charging by induction, a charged object is brought near an uncharged object (without touching it), causing a redistribution of charges within the uncharged object. If the uncharged object is then grounded, it can acquire a net charge opposite to that of the inducing charged object, without any direct physical contact between the two objects.
This question can be solved by applying Coulomb's Law, which describes the electrostatic force between two point charges. We need to analyze how the force changes when the distance between the charges is halved.
Correct Option: C) Quadruples
The question asks to identify a semiconductor material from the given options. To answer this, one needs to understand the basic classification of materials based on their electrical conductivity: conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.
B) Silicon is a semiconductor material. It is the most widely used semiconductor in the electronics industry for manufacturing integrated circuits, transistors, and solar cells due to its suitable band gap and abundance.
The question asks for the primary material used in integrated circuits (ICs). Integrated circuits are fundamental components of modern electronics, and their construction relies on specific material properties.
B) Silicon is the foundational semiconductor material used for manufacturing integrated circuits due to its suitable electrical properties and ease of processing.
The question asks to identify the material with low electrical conductivity from the given options. Electrical conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current. Materials are generally classified as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators based on their conductivity.
Correct Option: D) Silicon is a semiconductor, meaning its electrical conductivity is significantly lower than that of good metallic conductors like gold, silver, and even graphite.