The question asks to identify the phase of matter characterized by a definite shape and volume. We need to recall the fundamental properties of each state of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
A) Solid — Solids are characterized by strong intermolecular forces that hold their constituent particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in fixed positions, resulting in a definite shape and a definite volume.
The question asks to identify the gas law that describes the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a given mass of gas at a constant temperature. We need to recall the definitions and conditions for each of the fundamental gas laws.
Correct Option: A) Boyle's law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature is kept constant. This is a fundamental concept in chemistry and physics.
The question asks to identify the state of matter that possesses a definite volume but lacks a definite shape. We need to recall the characteristic properties of the different states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma, regarding their volume and shape.
Correct Option: B) Liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape. It takes the shape of the container it is in, while its volume remains constant.
The question asks for the SI unit of pressure. To answer this, we need to recall the definition of pressure and its standard unit in the International System of Units (SI).
Correct Option: A) Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure, equivalent to Newtons per square meter (\(N/m^2\)).
The question asks to identify the process where a liquid turns into a gas at its surface. This is a fundamental concept in states of matter and phase transitions.
B) Boiling is the process by which a liquid turns into a gas. While evaporation is the specific term for this process occurring only at the surface below the boiling point, boiling is the vigorous process of liquid turning into gas throughout the bulk of the liquid when it reaches its boiling point. In the absence of evaporation as an option, boiling is the best fit for a liquid changing to a gas.
The question asks to identify the gas law that relates the volume of a gas to the number of molecules it contains, under specific conditions of temperature and pressure. We need to recall the statements of the various gas laws.
D) Avogadro's law — This law precisely states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules (or moles).