The question asks to identify the concept that involves removing obstacles to a person's capabilities in life. We need to evaluate each option to see which best fits this description.
C) Development — This option correctly identifies the concept. Development, particularly human development, is fundamentally about expanding people's choices and capabilities, which necessitates removing obstacles that prevent individuals from achieving their full potential and living a life they value. This includes removing obstacles related to poverty, lack of education, poor health, discrimination, and lack of freedom.
The question asks for the specific term used to describe the estimation of the number of poor as a proportion of the total population below the poverty line. This is a standard economic and social indicator used in poverty measurement.
This ratio provides a simple measure of the extent of poverty in a given population.
D) Head Count Ratio — This is the correct term for estimating the number of poor as a proportion of people below the poverty line. It is a widely used measure in poverty analysis.
The question asks for the general meaning of disguised unemployment. We need to understand the core characteristic that defines this type of unemployment in economic terms.
C) marginal productivity of labours is zero — This is the defining characteristic of disguised unemployment. If the marginal product of labor is zero, it means that adding more workers does not increase output, and removing some workers would not decrease output. This is precisely what disguised unemployment signifies.
The question asks about the body responsible for making official poverty data public in India. This requires knowledge of the historical roles of various government commissions and bodies related to economic planning and data dissemination.
Correct Option: A) The Planning Commission was historically responsible for estimating and making official data on poverty available to the public in India. It played a crucial role in defining poverty lines and publishing relevant statistics.
The question asks for the number of people below the poverty line in India during the financial year 1973-74. This is a factual recall question related to economic history and poverty statistics in India. The answer requires knowledge of specific data points often cited in economic surveys and reports.
B) 320 — Official estimates and historical data indicate that in 1973-74, more than 320 million people were living below the poverty line in India. This figure represents a significant portion of the population at that time.
The question asks under what conditions an increase in absolute and per capita real GNP (Gross National Product) would NOT signify a higher level of economic development. Economic development is a broader concept than mere economic growth (increase in GNP). It encompasses improvements in the overall well-being of the population, including factors like poverty reduction, employment, income distribution, health, and education.
Correct Option: C) Poverty and unemployment increase.